Topics Overview

Restoration Strategies

Years of human presence in Puget Sound has changed and degraded the land in many ways, and protecting what remains is not enough to keep the ecosystem healthy. Restoration is necessary to support the processes that sustain wildlife and habitat and keep forests and rivers healthy. The Puget Sound Partnership's Action Agenda lists three objectives for restoration (listed below).

  1. Implement and maintain priority ecosystems restoration projects for marine, marine nearshore, estuary, freshwater, riparian, and upland areas.
  2. Revitalize waterfront communities while enhancing marine and freshwater shoreline ecosystem processes.
  3. Support and implement stewardship incentive programs to increase the ability of private landowners to undertake and maintain restoration projects that improve ecosystem processes.

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Source:

Puget Sound Action Agenda 2009

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Section 6. Evaluation of Protection and Restoration Effectiveness

In this section we present a method for evaluating the effectiveness of the various protection and restoration strategies identified and described in the preceding chapters. This evaluation method is designed to be used to make recommendations and conclusions for implementing the most ecologically and fiscally effective strategies for restoring Puget Sound ecosystem function.

The goal of this suggested evaluation process is to evaluate how likely a particular strategy, or group of strategies, will achieve its stated goal; namely, the restoration or protection of one or more desirable attributes of Puget Sound. In short, how effective is the strategy in question?

Protect and Restore Habitat , Protection Strategies, Restoration Strategies, Ecosystem-Based Management

Section 5. Fisheries and Wildlife Protection and Restoration Strategies

Editor's Note: This section is in outline form except for the Discussion of Harvest Management

1. Introduction

2. Salmon and steelhead protection and restoration

A. Life-history-based restoration

B. ESA restoration vs. full, optimum production

C. The 4-H approach

1. Potential Strategies: Habitats

Protect and Restore Habitat , Fishes , Protection Strategies, Restoration Strategies, Ecosystem-Based Management

Section 4. Marine and Estuarine Protection and Restoration Strategies

Protect and Restore Habitat , Ecosystem-Based Management, Protection Strategies, Restoration Strategies, Pollution Control Strategies , Marine Habitat , Estuarine Habitat

Section 3. Protection and Restoration Strategies for Watersheds and Tributaries

1. Section Scope

This section reviews, assesses, and summarizes the potential strategies investigated in past scientific and technical research for positively affecting the watersheds and tributaries draining to Puget Sound. The review and assessment covers strategies for both protecting resources that remain and recovering or improving resources that have been impaired. Concentration is on presenting the level of effectiveness of the candidate strategies, as established by the research, and the relative certainty associated with the reported effectiveness. Of particular interest is identifying strategies that reduce multiple threats to the Puget Sound ecosystem.

Protect and Restore Habitat , Protection Strategies, Restoration Strategies, Ecosystem-Based Management
Monitoring

Section 2. Overarching, Large-Scale Protection and Restoration Strategies

Here we focus on strategies that address broad-scale impacts in Puget Sound. We discuss perhaps the two must ubiquitous drivers, human footprint and climate change, recognizing that all other strategies must be imbedded within the context of these ultimate drivers. This review concentrates on publications that focus on Puget Sound, or at least the Pacific Northwest, including: Clancy et al. (2009), Climate Impacts Group (2009), Hulse, Gregory, and Baker (2002), Lombard (2006), Montgomery et al. (2003), and Ruckelshaus and McClure (2007). It is our hope that future versions of this document include lessons learned from other large-scale protection and restoration efforts in the U.S. that have analogous processes or properties.

Protect and Restore Habitat , Protection Strategies, Restoration Strategies, Ecosystem-Based Management
Climate Change, Social and Economic Sciences

Section 1. Introduction

The goal of this chapter is to review the potential ecosystem protection and restoration strategies investigated in past scientific research, assess how they can positively affect the biophysical condition of the greater Puget Sound ecosystem and summarize how the strategies can be applied to reduce threats to recovery of the Puget Sound ecosystem. This chapter covers strategies for both protecting resources that remain healthy as well as rehabilitating impaired natural resources. We emphasize the importance of concentrating on determining the level of effectiveness of the candidate strategies based on scientific research, as well as the relative certainty associated with their reported effectiveness.

Protect and Restore Habitat , Protection Strategies, Restoration Strategies, Ecosystem-Based Management

Ecosystem-Based Management: Ecosystem Protection and Restoration Strategies

Introduction: E. Eric Knudsen1
Overarching, Large-Scale Protection and Restoration Strategies: John Lombard2
Strategies for Watersheds and Tributaries: Richard R. Horner3
Strategies for Marine and Estuarine Habitats: E. Eric Knudsen1
Strategies for Fisheries and Wildlife : Cleveland Steward4
Evaluation of Protection and Restoration Effectiveness: E. Eric Knudsen1

 
1Sustainable Fisheries Foundation
2Lombard Consulting LLC and University of Washington
3Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Landscape Architecture, University of Washington
4Steward and Associates
 
Regulatory Strategies, Non-Regulatory Strategies, Protection Strategies, Restoration Strategies, Pollution Control Strategies, Ecosystem-Based Management

Section 7. Ecosystem Models

Water Quality , Species and Food Webs , Protect and Restore Habitat , Ecosystem-Based Management, Protection Strategies, Restoration Strategies , Hood Canal Watershed
Monitoring

Section 2. The Future of Puget Sound: Where are We Going?

Restoration Strategies, Ecosystem-Based Management
Monitoring

Section 1. Introduction

Restoration Strategies, Ecosystem-Based Management
Monitoring

topical_article

NOAA report establishes Chinook monitoring framework

Drawing of Ocean Phase Chinook (king) salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

NOAA has released a draft report establishing a common monitoring and adaptive management framework for Chinook salmon recovery in Puget Sound.

Species and Food Webs , Protect and Restore Habitat , Puget Sound Partnership Vital Signs , Fishes , Ecosystem-Based Management, Regulatory Strategies, Non-Regulatory Strategies, Protection Strategies, Restoration Strategies , Marine Habitat , Nearshore Habitat , Estuarine Habitat , Freshwater Habitat
Species of concern, Monitoring

Featured report: State of the Sound 2012

State of the Sound cover image; Puget Sound Partnership

The Puget Sound Partnership is charged with preparing a State of the Sound report every two years to inform the legislature and the public on the status of restoration efforts in Puget Sound.

Puget Sound Partnership Vital Signs , Ecosystem-Based Management, Regulatory Strategies, Non-Regulatory Strategies, Protection Strategies, Restoration Strategies, Pollution Control Strategies , Puget Sound Watershed

Featured report: 2012 State of Our Watersheds

State of Our Watersheds Report

The State of Our Watersheds Report is produced by the treaty tribes of western Washington, and seeks to present a comprehensive view of 20 watersheds in the Puget Sound region and the major issues that are impacting habitat.

Human Quality of Life , Species and Food Webs , Protect and Restore Habitat , Fishes , Ecosystem-Based Management, Protection Strategies, Restoration Strategies , Marine Habitat , Freshwater Habitat , Watersheds
Social and Economic Sciences, Tribes

Featured report: Puget Sound Marine Waters 2011

Puget Sound Marine Waters 2011

The Puget Sound Marine Waters 2011 report is now available. The report was produced by the Puget Sound Ecosystem Monitoring Program and assesses the condition and quality of the waters of Puget Sound. 

Water Quality , Ecosystem-Based Management, Protection Strategies, Restoration Strategies , Marine Habitat
Monitoring

Restoration strategies for Puget Sound

In the course of building homes, businesses, roads, and infrastructure, the lands and waters of Puget Sound have been drastically modified. Levees, dams, and toxic deposits are obvious and have site-specific impacts. But less obvious are the cumulative changes from human land use activities, such as bulkheads, docks, permanent removal of native vegetation, and loss of native habitat in marine and upland areas. These activities have damaged the underlying processes that form beaches, keep rivers, estuaries, and forests healthy, and support species. Historically, the actions that led to ecosystem degradation were intended to improve the quality of life for Puget Sound residents, but with closed shellfish beds, flooding, species decline, and other impacts it is clear that ecosystem rebuilding efforts are needed.

Protect and Restore Habitat , Restoration Strategies

Shoreline armoring

Shoreline armoring along railroad

More then 700 miles of Puget Sound shoreline is considered to be "armored," and as much as four miles of new armoring is added each year.

Restoration Strategies , Nearshore Habitat
Shorelines

Shoreline formation in Puget Sound

Bluff failures contribute sediment to beaches

Puget Sound has over 4,000 km (2,500 miles) of shorelines, ranging from rocky sea cliffs to coastal bluffs and river deltas. The exchange of water, sediment, and nutrients between the land and sea is fundamental to the formation and maintenance of an array of critical habitat types.

Protect and Restore Habitat , Plants, Fishes , Protection Strategies, Restoration Strategies , Nearshore Habitat
Monitoring, Shorelines

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