Puget Sound's Grand Uncertainties Matrix

Researchers are compiling a strategic list of scientific uncertainties related to Puget Sound recovery. The list will be used to prioritize future funding and research to address critical knowledge gaps about the ecosystem.

Photo: Isaiah van Hunen. Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY-SA 2.0); https://www.flickr.com/photos/isaiah115/7301506118

What is the GUM?

The Grand Uncertainties Matrix (the "GUM") is a collection of the uncertainties, questions, and unknowns that hamper or impede recovery planning and implementation, and therefore overall ecosystem recovery. The need to organize and resolve these uncertainties in an intentional and systematic way is the reason the GUM was developed. The GUM serves as the primary repository for the National Estuary Program to organize, scope, prioritize, and resolve uncertainties for the recovery of Puget Sound. The main sources of individual uncertainties in the GUM are the Puget Sound Implementation Strategies. 

View the Grand Uncertainties matrix at this link.

The GUM was conceived of and is managed by the University of Washington Puget Sound Institute (PSI). GUM-related reports, documents, and details about how uncertainties are identified and addressed via a broader research agenda process are available on PSI’s Regional Research Agenda webpage. More background about the GUM can also be found in a 2019 blog post. For questions, contact Andy James (jamesca @ uw.edu).


The image below was created by an AI image generator using terms from the Grand Uncertainties Matrix. 

About the Author
Tessa Francis is lead ecosystem ecologist at the Puget Sound Institute. Andy James is a senior research scientist at the Puget Sound Institute.
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Tessa Francis and Andy James
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