Lycopodium annotinum

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Occurrence in North America

     AK CO CT DE ID ME MD MA MI MN
     MT NH NJ NY NC OR PA RI TN VT
     VA WA WV WI WY AB BC MB NB NF
     NT NS ON PE PQ SK YT

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Distribution

Stiff clubmoss is a circumboreal species that is widely distributed from
Greenland and Labrador to Alaska, south to the northwestern United
States, Wyoming, Colorado, the Great Lakes States, New England, and
along the Appalachians [10,14,19,20,37].

References:

10. Fernald, Merritt Lyndon. 1950. Gray's manual of botany. [Corrections supplied by R. C. Rollins]
14. Gleason, H. A.; Cronquist, A. 1963. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. Princeton, NJ: D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc. 810 p. [7065]
19. Harrington, H. D. 1964. Manual of the plants of Colorado. 2d ed. Chicago: The Swallow Press Inc. 666 p. [6851]
20. Hitchcock, C. Leo; Cronquist, Arthur. 1973. Flora of the Pacific Northwest. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. 730 p. [1168]
37. Seymour, Frank Conkling. 1982. The flora of New England. 2d ed. Phytologia Memoirs 5. Plainfield, NJ: Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke. 611 p. [7604]

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Regional Distribution in the Western United States

USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information Service

This species can be found in the following regions of the western United States (according to the Bureau of Land Management classification of Physiographic Regions of the western United States):

    1 Northern Pacific Border
    2 Cascade Mountains
    8 Northern Rocky Mountains
    9 Middle Rocky Mountains
   11 Southern Rocky Mountains
   15 Black Hills Uplift

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Localities documented in Tropicos sources

Lycopodium annotinum var. pungens Desv.:
United States (North America)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

References:

Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville.

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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA

Localities documented in Tropicos sources

Lycopodium annotinum L.:
Canada (North America)
Greenland (North America)
Japan (Asia)
Russian Federation (Asia)
South Korea (Asia)
United States (North America)
China (Asia)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

References:

Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville.
Lellinger, D. B. 1985. A Field Manual of the Ferns and Fern Allies of the United States and Canada. 389 pp.
Taylor, T. M. C. 1970. Pacific Northwest Ferns and Their Allies. 247 pp.
Tolmatchev, A. I. 1960. Arktic. Fl. SSSR 1:1–102.
List Based Record. 1986. Soil Conservation Service, Ft. Worth.
Flora of China Editorial Committee. 1988-2013. Fl. China Unpaginated. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
Flora of North America Editorial Committee, e. 1993. Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. 2: i–xvi, 1–475. In Fl. N. Amer. Oxford University Press, New York.

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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA

Distribution

Greenland; St. Pierre and Miquelon; Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld., N.W.T., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Yukon; Alaska, Ariz., Colo., Conn., Idaho, Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Mont., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., R.I., Tenn., Utah, Vt., Va., Wash., Wis., Wyo.

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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA

National Distribution

Canada

Origin: Unknown/Undetermined

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

United States

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

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National Distribution

Canada

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

United States

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

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Morphology

Description

Stiff clubmoss is a native, perennial, evergreen clubmoss. The
aboveground horizontal stem of stiff clubmoss is long, creeping, and
forked with ascending or erect branches. The main stem is generally 40
inches (100 cm) long, and branches are typically 0.8 to 16 inches (2-40
cm) tall. Vegetative leaves are whorled, and fertile leaves form a
sessile strobilus at the end of a branch [10,14,19,27,37]. Roots are
adventitious and arise from the underside of the prostrate stem [44].

References:

10. Fernald, Merritt Lyndon. 1950. Gray's manual of botany. [Corrections supplied by R. C. Rollins]
14. Gleason, H. A.; Cronquist, A. 1963. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. Princeton, NJ: D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc. 810 p. [7065]
19. Harrington, H. D. 1964. Manual of the plants of Colorado. 2d ed. Chicago: The Swallow Press Inc. 666 p. [6851]
27. Lackschewitz, Klaus. 1991. Vascular plants of west-central Montana--identification guidebook. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-227. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 648 p. [13798]
37. Seymour, Frank Conkling. 1982. The flora of New England. 2d ed. Phytologia Memoirs 5. Plainfield, NJ: Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke. 611 p. [7604]
44. Wilson, C. L.; Loomis, W. E.; Steeves, T. A. 1971. Botany. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 752 p. [21163]

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Description

Horizontal stems on substrate surface. Upright shoots clustered, mainly unbranched or sparsely branching mainly at base, 1.2--1.6 cm diam.; annual bud constrictions abrupt and conspicuous. Lateral branchlets few and like upright shoots but annual bud constrictions absent. Leaves spreading to reflexed, dark green, linear-lanceolate, (2.5--)5--8 X 0.6--1.2 mm; margins closely and shallowly dentate mainly in distal 1/2; apex sharply pointed, lacking hair tip. Strobili solitary, sessile on shoots, 15--30 X 3.5--4.5 mm. Sporophylls (1.5--)3.5 X 0.7(--2) mm, abruptly narrowed to pointed tip. 2 n = 68.

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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA

Diagnostic Description

Horizontal stems, on substrate surface; upright shoots branched or unbranched, with conspicuous annual bud constrictions; leaves 8-ranked, dark green, speading to reflexed, sharp pointed, serrate near tip, lacking a hair tip. Strobili single, sessile on upright branches.

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Habitat

Habitat characteristics

More info for the term: mesic

Stiff clubmoss most commonly inhabits moist woods, thickets, bogs, and
meadows [10,19,20,21]. Sites are typically cool and shaded but
occasionally may be dry, exposed, and rocky [3,5,27,35]. Soils are
acidic, well to poorly drained, and have mesic to subhygric moisture
regimes [6,14,25]. Stiff clubmoss occurs from sea level to alpine zones
and has been found at 11,000 feet (3,300 m) in Colorado [19,34].
Occurrence of stiff clubmoss increases with increasing latitude [23].

References:

6. Corns, I. G. W.; Annas, R. M. 1986. Field guide to forest ecosystems of west-central Alberta. Edmonton, AB: Canadian Forestry Service, Northern Forestry Centre. 251 p. [8998]
3. Cody, William J.; Britton, Donald M. 1989. Ferns and fern allies of Canada. Ottawa, ON: Agriculture Canada, Research Branch. 430 p. [13078]
5. Cormack, R. G. H. 1953. A survey of coniferous forest succession in the eastern Rockies. Forestry Chronicle. 29: 218-232. [16458]
10. Fernald, Merritt Lyndon. 1950. Gray's manual of botany. [Corrections supplied by R. C. Rollins]
14. Gleason, H. A.; Cronquist, A. 1963. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. Princeton, NJ: D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc. 810 p. [7065]
19. Harrington, H. D. 1964. Manual of the plants of Colorado. 2d ed. Chicago: The Swallow Press Inc. 666 p. [6851]
20. Hitchcock, C. Leo; Cronquist, Arthur. 1973. Flora of the Pacific Northwest. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. 730 p. [1168]
21. Hitchcock, C. Leo; Cronquist, Arthur; Ownbey, Marion. 1969. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest. Part 1: Vascular cryptograms, gymnosperms, and monocotyledons. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. 914 p. [1169]
23. Klinka, K.; Krajina, V. J.; Ceska, A.; Scagel, A. M. 1989. Indicator plants of coastal British Columbia. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia Press. 288 p. [10703]
25. Kudish, Michael. 1992. Adirondack upland flora: an ecological perspective. Saranac, NY: The Chauncy Press. 320 p. [19376]
27. Lackschewitz, Klaus. 1991. Vascular plants of west-central Montana--identification guidebook. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-227. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 648 p. [13798]
34. Robuck, O. Wayne. 1989. Common alpine plants of southeast Alaska. Misc. Publ. ---. Juneau, AK: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory. 207 p. [17693]
35. Roland, A. E.; Smith, E. C. 1969. The flora of Nova Scotia. Halifax, NS: Nova Scotia Museum. 746 p. [13158]

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Key Plant Community Associations

More info for the terms: bog, codominant, fern, lichens, shrub

Stiff clubmoss most often grows in coniferous, northern hardwoods, and
mixed hardwoods habitats [25,35,43]. It may also occur in
grass-sedge-heath associations [35]. Stiff clubmoss is characteristic
of boreal coniferous forests [23]. It is also an indicator of white
spruce (Picea glauca)-balsam fir (Abies balsamea) forest types in the
Great Lakes States [36].

Stiff clubmoss is listed as a codominant species in the following
published classification:

Field guide to forest ecosystem classification for the Clay Belt, site
region 3e [22].

Common shrub associates of stiff clubmoss include bog Labrador tea
(Ledum groenlandicum), cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus), prickly rose
(Rosa acicularis), white spiraea (Spirea betulifolia), blueberry
(Vaccinium spp.), twinflower (Linnaea borealis), alder (Alnus spp.),
Canada yew (Taxus canadensis), mooseberry viburnum (Viburnum
pauciflorum), and highbush cranberry (V. edule) [5,6,22,26].

Other associated vegetation includes heartleaf arnica (Arnica
cordifolia), bunchberry (Cornus canadensis), wild sarsaparilla
(Aralia nudicaulis), one-sided wintergreen (Pyrola secunda), sidebells
shinleaf (P. uniflora), queencup beadlily (Clintonia uniflora), orchids
(Corallorhiza spp., Calypso spp., Habenaria spp.), twisted stalk
(Streptopus amplexifolius), meadowrue (Thalictrum spp.), baneberry
(Actaea rubra), devil's club (Oplopanax horridus), miterwort (Mitella
spp.), lady fern (Athyrium felix-femina), woodfern (Dryopteris spp.)
sedges (Carex spp.), horsetails (Equisetum spp.), mosses (Mnium spp.,
Rhytdiadelphus spp., Polytrichum spp.), and lichens (Cladonia spp.,
Stereocaulon spp., Peltigera spp.) [5,6,22,26].

References:

6. Corns, I. G. W.; Annas, R. M. 1986. Field guide to forest ecosystems of west-central Alberta. Edmonton, AB: Canadian Forestry Service, Northern Forestry Centre. 251 p. [8998]
5. Cormack, R. G. H. 1953. A survey of coniferous forest succession in the eastern Rockies. Forestry Chronicle. 29: 218-232. [16458]
22. Jones, R. Keith; Pierpoint, Geoffrey; Wickware, Gregory M.; [and others]
23. Klinka, K.; Krajina, V. J.; Ceska, A.; Scagel, A. M. 1989. Indicator plants of coastal British Columbia. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia Press. 288 p. [10703]
25. Kudish, Michael. 1992. Adirondack upland flora: an ecological perspective. Saranac, NY: The Chauncy Press. 320 p. [19376]
26. Kurmis, Vilis; Webb, Sara L.; Merriam, Lawrence C., Jr. 1986. Plant communities of Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Botany. 64: 531-540. [16088]
35. Roland, A. E.; Smith, E. C. 1969. The flora of Nova Scotia. Halifax, NS: Nova Scotia Museum. 746 p. [13158]
36. Rudolf, Paul O. 1950. Forest plantations in the Lake States. Tech. Bull. 1010. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture. 171 p. [13463]
43. Weber, William A. 1987. Colorado flora: western slope. Boulder, CO: Colorado Associated University Press. 530 p. [7706]

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Habitat: Cover Types

USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information Service

This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):

     1 Jack pine
     5 Balsam fir
    12 Black spruce
    13 Black spruce - tamarack
    15 Red pine
    16 Aspen
    17 Pin cherry
    18 Paper birch
    19 Gray birch - red maple
    20 White pine - northern red oak - red maple
    21 Eastern white pine
    22 White pine - hemlock
    23 Eastern hemlock
    24 Hemlock - yellow birch
    25 Sugar maple - beech - yellow birch
    26 Sugar maple - basswood
    27 Sugar maple
    28 Black cherry - maple
    30 Red spruce - yellow birch
    31 Red spruce - sugar maple - beech
    32 Red spruce
    33 Red spruce - balsam fir
    35 Paper birch - red spruce - balsam fir
    37 Northern white-cedar
    38 Tamarack
    39 Black ash - American elm - red maple
    60 Beech - sugar maple
   107 White spruce
   108 Red maple
   201 White spruce
   202 White spruce - paper birch
   203 Balsam poplar
   204 Black spruce
   205 Mountain hemlock
   206 Engelmann spruce - subalpinefir
   208 Whitebark pine
   210 Interior Douglas-fir
   217 Aspen
   218 Lodgepole pine
   223 Sitka spruce
   224 Western hemlock
   225 Western hemlock - Sitka spruce
   226 Coastal true fir - hemlock
   227 Western redcedar - western hemlock
   228 Western redcedar
   229 Pacific Douglas-fir
   230 Douglas-fir - western hemlock
   251 White spruce - aspen
   252 Paper birch
   253 Black spruce - white spruce
   254 Black spruce - paper birch

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Habitat: Plant Associations

USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information Service

This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):

   K001 Spruce - cedar - helmock forest
   K002 Cedar - hemlock - Douglas-fir forest
   K003 Silver fir - Douglas-fir forest
   K004 Fir - hemlock forest
   K008 Lodgepole pine - subalpine forest
   K012 Douglas-fir forest
   K015 Western spruce - fir forest
   K025 Alder - ash forest
   K052 Alpine meadows and barren
   K093 Great Lakes spruce - fir forest
   K094 Conifer bog
   K095 Great Lakes pine forest
   K096 Northeastern spruce - fir forest
   K099 Maple - basswood forest
   K101 Elm - ash forest
   K102 Beech - maple forest
   K103 Mixed mesophytic forest
   K106 Northern hardwoods
   K107 Northern hardwoods - fir forest
   K108 Northern hardwoods - spruce forest

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Habitat: Ecosystem

USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information Service

This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):

   FRES10 White - red - jack pine
   FRES11 Spruce - fir
   FRES17 Elm - ash - cottonwood
   FRES18 Maple - beech - birch
   FRES19 Aspen - birch
   FRES20 Douglas-fir
   FRES23 Fir - spruce
   FRES24 Hemlock - Sitka spruce
   FRES26 Lodgepole pine
   FRES28 Western hardwoods
   FRES44 Alpine

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Habitat

Swampy or moist coniferous forests, mountain forests, and exposed grassy or rocky sites; 0--1850m.

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BioImages - the Virtual Fieldguide (UK)

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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA

Associations

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed, hypophyllous pseudothecium of Phaeosphaeria lycopodina is saprobic on locally blackened bract of Lycopodium annotinum
Remarks: season: summer

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General Ecology

Broad-scale Impacts of Plant Response to Fire

More info for the term: prescribed fire

Hamilton's Research Papers (Hamilton 2006a, Hamilton 2006b)
provide information on prescribed fire and postfire response of many plant
species, including stiff clubmoss, that was not available when this species
review was originally written.

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Plant Response to Fire

More info for the term: mesic

After fires on mesic black spruce (Picea mariana) sites in interior
Alaska, stiff clubmoss was not present in abundance in the newly burned
stage (0 to 1 year after fire) and did not reach its greatest cover
until 90 to 200 years later. However, in white spruce stands, stiff
clubmoss was present from the newly burned stage through the hardwood
stage (stand age 46 to 150 years) [11].

Dyrness [7] reported that stiff clubmoss did not sprout in white
spruce/bog Labrador tea/mountain cranberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea)
communities within 2 years after clearcutting and burning.

The number of stems present after clearcutting and burning balsam
fir-red spruce (Picea rubra) woodlots in southwestern New Brunswick were
reported as follows [16]:


prefire           151
          after clearcutting            33
               after burning             0
        1 year after burning             0

Stiff clubmoss was not present in burns less than 7 years old in
mixed-hardwood stands in New Brunswick [31]. However, in black
spruce-feather moss stands in Labrador, it attained prefire frequencies
in about 5 years [12].

References:

7. Dyrness, C. T.; Viereck, L. A.; Foote, M. J.; Zasada, J. C. 1988. The effect on vegetation and soil temperature of logging flood-plain white spruce. Res. Pap. PNW-RP-392. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 45 p. [7471]
11. Foote, M. Joan. 1983. Classification, description, and dynamics of plant communities after fire in the taiga of interior Alaska. Res. Pap. PNW-307. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 108 p. [7080]
12. Foster, David R. 1985. Vegetation development following fire in Picea mariana (black spruce) - Pleurozium forests of south-eastern Labrador, Canada. Journal of Ecology. 73: 517-534. [7222]
16. Hall, I. V. 1955. Floristic changes following the cutting and burning of a woodlot for blueberry production. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Science. 35: 143-152. [9012]
31. MacLean, David A.; Wein, Ross W. 1977. Changes in understory vegetation with increasing stand age in New Brunswick forests: species composition, cover, biomass, and nutrients. Canadian Journal of Botany. 55: 2818-2831. [10106]

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Post-fire Regeneration

Surface rhizome/chamaephytic root crown

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Fire Ecology

Stiff clubmoss regenerates by sprouting from surface rhizomes [8,38].
These surficial rhizomes are likely to be damaged by fire but may
survive a light fire.

References:

8. Eriksson, O. 1989. Seedling dynamics and life histories in clonal plants. Oikos. 55: 231-238. [10322]
38. Soltis, Pamela S.; Soltis, Douglas E. 1988. Estimated rates of intragametophytic selfing in lycopods. American Journal of Botany. 75(2): 248-256. [20441]

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Regeneration Processes

More info for the term: gametophyte

Stiff clubmoss is a clonal species, reproducing primarily by sprouting
from rhizomes [8,38]. It also produces spores and a subterranean,
mycorrhizal gametophyte [32,40]. Stiff clubmoss is homosporous but
usually cross-fertilizes [38].

References:

8. Eriksson, O. 1989. Seedling dynamics and life histories in clonal plants. Oikos. 55: 231-238. [10322]
32. Malloch, D.; Malloch, B. 1982. The mycorrhizal status of boreal plants: additional species from northeastern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Botany. 60: 1035-1040. [17718]
38. Soltis, Pamela S.; Soltis, Douglas E. 1988. Estimated rates of intragametophytic selfing in lycopods. American Journal of Botany. 75(2): 248-256. [20441]
40. Svensson, Brita M.; Callaghan, Terry V. 1988. Apical dominance and the simulation of metapopulation dynamics in Lycopodium annotinum. Oikos. 51(3): 331-342. [17740]

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Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification)

USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information Service

More info for the terms: geophyte, hemicryptophyte

Hemicryptophyte
Geophyte

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Life Form

More info for the terms: fern, fern ally

Fern or Fern Ally

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Successional Status

USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information Service

Facultative Seral Species

Stiff clubmoss is shade tolerant [25]. It occurs in mature forests
throughout its range [5,15,28,30,42]. In Isle Royale National Park,
Michigan, occurrence of stiff clubmoss is largely related to forest
communities undisturbed for 100 or more years [18].

References:

5. Cormack, R. G. H. 1953. A survey of coniferous forest succession in the eastern Rockies. Forestry Chronicle. 29: 218-232. [16458]
15. Habeck, James R. 1963. The composition of several climax forest communities in the Lake McDonald area of Glacier National Park. Proceedings of the Montana Academy of Sciences. 23: 37-44. [6532]
18. Hansen, H. L.; Krefting, L. W.; Kurmis, V. 1973. The forest of Isle Royale in relation to fire history and wildlife. Tech. Bull. 294; Forestry Series 13. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota, Agricultural Experiment Station. 44 p. [8120]
25. Kudish, Michael. 1992. Adirondack upland flora: an ecological perspective. Saranac, NY: The Chauncy Press. 320 p. [19376]
28. Layser, Earle F. 1978. Grizzly bears in the southern Selkirk Mountains. Northwest Science. 52(2): 77-91. [14275]
30. Lutz, H. J. 1953. The effects of forest fires on the vegetation of interior Alaska. Juneau, AK: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 36 p. [7076]
42. Viereck, Leslie A. 1970. Forest succession and soil development adjacent to the Chena River in interior Alaska. Arctic and Alpine Research. 2(1): 1-26. [12466]

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Immediate Effect of Fire

Stiff clubmoss is most likely killed by all but very quick, light fires.

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Cyclicity

Phenology

USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information Service

Stiff clubmoss spores develop from late July to early October [10].

References:

10. Fernald, Merritt Lyndon. 1950. Gray's manual of botany. [Corrections supplied by R. C. Rollins]

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)

Molecular Biology

Statistics of barcoding coverage: Lycopodium annotinum

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 5
Specimens with Barcodes: 18
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Conservation Status

National NatureServe Conservation Status

Canada

Rounded National Status Rank: NU - Unrankable

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: N4 - Apparently Secure

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NatureServe

National NatureServe Conservation Status

Canada

Rounded National Status Rank: NU - Unrankable

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: N4 - Apparently Secure

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NatureServe

NatureServe Conservation Status

Rounded Global Status Rank: T4 - Apparently Secure

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NatureServe

NatureServe Conservation Status

Rounded Global Status Rank: T4 - Apparently Secure

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NatureServe

National NatureServe Conservation Status

Canada

Rounded National Status Rank: N5 - Secure

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: N5 - Secure

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NatureServe

NatureServe Conservation Status

Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure

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USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information Service

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Management

Management considerations

More info for the terms: constancy, cover

Stiff clubmoss in open white spruce/alder/cloudberry/feathermoss
(Pleurozium spp.) communities in Alaska had the following cover (c) and
frequency (f) percentages after three silvicultural treatments [7]:

            pre-        clearcut(no burn)    shelterwood    shelterwood
            treatment                         14m spacing    9m spacing
             c/f             c/f                 c/f            c/f
_______________________________________________________________________

year 1 0.1/4.0 +/2.0 -- --
year 2 0.1/3.0 -- 0.9/10.0

(+ designates present; -- designates not present)

Stiff clubmoss declined in cover and constancy after logging and site
preparation in the sub-boreal spruce zone of British Columbia [17].

References:

7. Dyrness, C. T.; Viereck, L. A.; Foote, M. J.; Zasada, J. C. 1988. The effect on vegetation and soil temperature of logging flood-plain white spruce. Res. Pap. PNW-RP-392. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 45 p. [7471]
17. Hamilton, Evelyn H.; Yearsley, H. Karen. 1988. Vegetation development after clearcutting and site preparation in the SBS zone. Economic and Regional Development Agreement: FRDA Report 018. Victoria, BC: Canadian Forestry Service, Pacific Forestry Centre; British Columbia Ministry of Forests and Lands. 66 p. [8760]

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