Grindelia columbiana

Grindelia stricta is distributed coastally from Alaska to California's North Coast, Central Coast, South Coast and Channel Islands. Common habitats are tidal flats, marshes, dunes and seabluffs, always below 200 meters in elevation.

Known by the common name of Oregon gumweed, this perennial or subshrub attains mature height of 20 to 150 centimeters. Stems are green to deep purplish red; the oblong to lanceolate leaves are one to fifteen centimeters long. These leaves manifest as generally fleshy, and may exhibit green or red veins. The flower heads may vary in number from a singlet to multiples. There are numerous disk flowers, and the corolla throat is abruptly wider than the tube.

United States

Origin: Unknown/Undetermined

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

Global Range: In El Paso, Fremont, Huerfano, and Pueblo Counties, Colorado and Colfax and Union Counties, New Mexico.

Canada

Origin: Unknown/Undetermined

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

United States

Origin: Unknown/Undetermined

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

United States

Origin: Unknown/Undetermined

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

Canada

Origin: Unknown/Undetermined

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

United States

Origin: Unknown/Undetermined

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

United States

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

United States

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

Global Range: Endemic to Colorado (Arapahoe, Baca, Denver, Fremont, Las Animas, Otero, Prowers, and Pueblo counties). The estimated range is 12,800 square miles based on the area of a minimum convex polygon drawn around all known occurrences. Experts consider this plant to be widespread and common throughout the eastern plains but underdocumented due to disinterest and difficulty in specimen collection of large Grindelia species.

United States

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

Canada

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

United States

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

United States

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

Global Range: USA, s CA, San Diego Co.: Cuyamaca Mts.

Canada

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

United States

Origin: Unknown/Undetermined

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

Global Range: Calif. state endemic

United States

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

Global Range: Western Colorado (Moffat, Delta, Rio Blanco, Mesa, Montrose) and Emery, Grand, and San Juan counties in Utah.

United States

Origin: Unknown/Undetermined

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

Global Range: Oregon (Along the Columbia R. east of the Cascades). To Washington and Idaho (Peck 1961). Up the Snake River to Blackfoot, Idaho (Davis 1952). In central Washington west to Portland, Oregon, also northern Idaho (Ferris 1960).

United States

Origin: Unknown/Undetermined

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

United States

Origin: Unknown/Undetermined

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

United States

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

Global Range: This species is narrowly restricted to a small area in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado. The range extends from the region in the vicinity of Trinidad, southeastern Colorado, to Raton, New Mexico.

Perennials or subshrubs (sometimes flowering first or second year), 8–60(–250+) cm. Stems usually erect, sometimes prostrate, decumbent, or ascending, usually green to stramineous, brown, or reddish, sometimes whitish, arachnose, hirsutulous, puberulous, or villous (sometimes stipitate-glandular as well), or glabrous (then often resinous). Cauline leaf blades usually oblong, oblanceolate, or spatulate (broadest at or beyond their midpoints), sometimes ovate, lanceolate, or linear, (5–)10–80(–120+) mm, lengths 2–8+ times widths, bases clasping or cuneate, margins usually serrate to dentate (teeth apiculate to setose), sometimes entire, apices truncate, rounded, or obtuse to acute, faces hirsutulous, puberulous, or villous and little, if at all, gland-dotted, or glabrous (or scabridulous near margins) and sparsely to densely gland-dotted. Heads usually in open to crowded, corymbiform to paniculiform arrays, seldom borne singly. Involucres usually broadly urceolate to globose, sometimes hemispheric, campanulate, or obconic, (6–)8–15(–20) × (6–)10–25+ mm (sometimes subtended by leaflike bracts). Phyllaries in 4–8+ series, reflexed to spreading or appressed, filiform or linear to ± lance-attenuate, lanceolate, or lance-oblong, apices usually recurved or straight, sometimes (the outer) looped to hooked or patent, terete or filiform to subulate, or acute, usually all glabrous and moderately to strongly resinous, sometimes all or outer villosulous to hirsutulous and little, if at all, resinous, seldom, if ever, stipitate-glandular. Ray florets 0 or (5–)15–60+; laminae (4–)10–25+ mm. Cypselae whitish or stramineous to brownish or grayish, (2–)4–6(–7) mm, apices usually ± knobby, sometimes coronate, rarely smooth, faces usually smooth, striate, or furrowed, rarely rugose; pappi of 2–3(–6) usually contorted or curled, sometimes straight, usually smooth, rarely barbellulate, subulate scales or setiform awns (1–)4–5(–7) mm, usually shorter than, rarely nearly equaling disc corollas. 2n = 12, 24.

Grindelia acutifolia Steyermark; G. camporum Greene; G. camporum var. bracteosa (J. T. Howell) M. A. Lane; G. camporum var. davyi (Jepson) Steyermark; G. camporum var. parviflora Steyermark; G. columbiana (Piper) Rydberg; G. fastigiata Greene; G. hallii Steyermark; G. hirsutula var. davyi (Jepson) M. A. Lane; G. hirsutula var. hallii (Steyermark) M. A. Lane; G. hirsutula var. maritima (Greene) M. A. Lane; G. hirsutula subsp. rubricaulis (de Candolle) D. D. Keck; G. humilis Hooker & Arnott; G. inornata Greene; G. inornata var. angusta Steyermark; G. integrifolia de Candolle var. macrophylla (Greene) Cronquist; G. latifolia Kellogg; G. latifolia subsp. platyphylla (Greene) D. D. Keck; G. macrophylla Greene; G. maritima (Greene) Steyermark; G. nana Nuttall; G. nana var. altissima Steyermark; G. nana subsp. columbiana Piper; G. nana var. integerrima (Rydberg) Steyermark; G. nana var. integrifolia Nuttall; G. paludosa Greene; G. perennis A. Nelson; G. procera Greene; G. revoluta Steyermark; G. robusta Nuttall; G. robusta var. bracteosa (J. T. Howell) D. D. Keck; G. robusta var. davyi Jepson; G. robusta var. platyphylla Greene; G. robusta var. rigida A. Gray; G. rubricaulis de Candolle; G. rubricaulis var. maritima Greene; G. squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal var. integrifolia (Nuttall) B. Boivin; G. squarrosa var. quasiperennis Lunell; G. stricta de Candolle; G. stricta var. angustifolia (A. Gray) M. A. Lane; G. stricta subsp. blakei (Steyermark) D. D. Keck; G. stricta var. macrophylla (Greene) Steyermark; G. stricta var. platyphylla (Greene) M. A. Lane; G. stricta subsp. venulosa (Jepson) D. D. Keck

Comments: Plains and foothills, occurring on dry hills and in valleys. Habitats are often disturbed and include prairies, grasslands, fields/pastures, roadcuts/roadsides, waste places, and (rarely) pinyon-juniper woodlands. Soils can be sandy or clay and are often rocky and sometimes alkaline; also occurs on shale. Co-occurring species include Grindelia revoluta, Chondrosum gracile, Chondrosum hirsutum, Gutierrezia sarothrae, Cylindropuntia imbricata, Oxybaphus rotundifolius, Helianthus sp., Melilotus sp., and grasses. 1350 - 2450 m.

Comments: Dry flats & grassy mesas, pinyon-juniper woodlands, yellow pine forest, chaparral, meadows.

Comments: Weber and Wittmann (1996) say found on heavy (adobe) clays in Colorado. In Utah, B. Franklin has only seen it along dry washes where soils were sandy to sandy-clay; "though they did run through areas that Weber would probably call adobe soils" (B. Franklin, pers. com. to K. Maybury, 11/96). In Utah: Desert scrub communites along dry washes and on sandy terraces at 1125 to 2700 m elevation.

Comments: Gravelly or sandy banks or bluffs along streams (Davis 1952).

Comments: Dry slopes, open ground, and roadsides at 6,000-7,000 feet.
Dry slopes, open ground, roadsides in montane coniferous forest down to shortgrass praire; 2,070-2,680 m (6,800-8,800 ft) (Lowrey 1999)

Note: For many non-migratory species, occurrences are roughly equivalent to populations.

Estimated Number of Occurrences: 6 - 20

Comments: There are 8 occurrences in the Colorado Natural Heritage Program data system, however many more are not documented. Botanists specializing in the eastern plains of Colorado believe this species is widespread and common on the eastern plains and not in need of conservation attention (pers. comm., Dina Clark, Tass Kelso, and Steve Olson 2006).

Note: For many non-migratory species, occurrences are roughly equivalent to populations.

Estimated Number of Occurrences: 6 - 20

Comments: It is estimated that there are at least 20 EOs within its range.

Rounded Global Status Rank: T5 - Secure

Rounded Global Status Rank: T2 - Imperiled

Rounded Global Status Rank: TNR - Not Yet Ranked

Canada

Rounded National Status Rank: N5 - Secure

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: N4 - Apparently Secure

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked

Rounded Global Status Rank: G4 - Apparently Secure

Reasons: Grindelia revoluta occurs on the plains and lower foothills of the Rocky Mountains in southern Colorado and adjacent northeastern New Mexico. It is found in praries, waste places, roadsides, railroads, and pastures.

Canada

Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked

Rounded Global Status Rank: TNR - Not Yet Ranked

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked

Rounded Global Status Rank: TNR - Not Yet Ranked

Canada

Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked

Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: N2 - Imperiled

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: N4 - Apparently Secure

Rounded Global Status Rank: G4 - Apparently Secure

Reasons: Although a Colorado endemic currently documented from only eight counties, this species is considered by eastern plains botanists to be widespread and common over a wide area of the eastern plains and not in need of conservation attention (pers. comm. Kelso, Clark and Olson, 2006). This species is believed to be under-collected due to general disinterest in Grindelia species and difficulty in collecting large Grindelia plants.

Rounded Global Status Rank: T3 - Vulnerable

Reasons: Grindelia hirsutula var. hirsutula has been reported from California in the Central Western floristic region and Western Transverse Ranges, where it occurs on arid sandy, clayey or serpentine slopes (below 900 meters). There is a report of a disjunct occurrence in British Columbia.

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: N2 - Imperiled

Rounded Global Status Rank: T2 - Imperiled

Reasons: Limited populations ? and narrow distribution; CNPS list 1B, 2-1-3. EGR data supports GRANK of G4T2.

Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: N3 - Vulnerable

Rounded Global Status Rank: G3 - Vulnerable

Reasons: Endemic to the Colorado Plateau (eastern Utah and immediately adjacent western Colorado). Apparently locally common on adobe soils in westcentral Colorado.

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked

Rounded Global Status Rank: G3 - Vulnerable

Reasons: Found on banks and bluffs along streams and rivers in the Columbia-Snake River system. Reported common in central Washington by Ferris (1960).

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked

Rounded Global Status Rank: T4 - Apparently Secure

Reasons: Grindelia camporum var. bracteosa occurs in central-western and southwestern California (150-1400 meters), including most of the Channel Islands.

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: N2 - Imperiled

Rounded Global Status Rank: G2 - Imperiled

Reasons: Grindelia acutifolia is a narrow endemic but, at the present time, is locally abundant.

Global Short Term Trend: Unknown

Comments: Unknown.

Global Long Term Trend: Unknown

Comments: Unknown.

Comments: Development? Grazing? CNPS does not consider endangered.

Comments: Grindelia acutifolia is common along roadsides in the area of endemism and therefore widespread road work could significantly impact the populations. It does occur off the highway right-of-ways where the effects of livestock grazing are unknown.