Euphorbia helioscopia

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Bibliotheca Alexandrina

Global Distribution

Europe, north Africa, west Asia; Introduced into many temperate region.

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Bibliotheca Alexandrina

Localities documented in Tropicos sources

Galarhoeus helioscopius (L.) Haw.:
Canada (North America)
United States (North America)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

References:

Small, J. K. 1933. Man. S.E. Fl. i–xxii, 1–1554. Published by the Author, New York.

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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA

Localities documented in Tropicos sources

Euphorbia helioscopia L.:
Canada (North America)
Chile (South America)
United States (North America)
South Africa (Africa & Madagascar)
China (Asia)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

References:

Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville.
Voss, E. G. 1985. Michigan Flora. Part II Dicots (Saururaceae-Cornaceae). Bull. Cranbrook Inst. Sci. 59. xix + 724.
Gleason, H. A. 1968. The Choripetalous Dicotyledoneae. vol. 2. 655 pp. In H. A. Gleason Ill. Fl. N. U.S. (ed. 3). New York Botanical Garden, New York.
Marticorena, C. & M. Quezada. 1985. Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Chile. Gayana, Bot. 42: 1–157.
Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. Welman, E. Reitief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. v. Wyk & A. Nicholas. 1987. List of species of southern African plants. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa 2(1–2): 1–152(pt. 1), 1–270(pt. 2).
Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles & C. R. Bell. 1968. Man. Vasc. Fl. Carolinas i–lxi, 1–1183. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Man. Vasc. Pl. Texas i–xv, 1–1881. The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson.
Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York.
Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. 1959. Cal. Fl. 1–1681. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Munz, P. A. 1974. Fl. S. Calif. 1–1086. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2008. Fl. China 11: 1–622. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.

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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/

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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA

National Distribution

Canada

Origin: Exotic

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

United States

Origin: Exotic

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

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NatureServe

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NatureServe

Herbs, usually annual, erect or ascending, 10-30(-50) cm tall. Root fibrous, 7-10 cm × 3-5 mm, branched. Stems single or with ascending branches from near base, 3-5(-7) mm thick, sometimes slightly fistulose, smooth and glabrous. Leaves alternate; stipules absent; petiole absent or nearly so; leaf blade obovate to spoon-shaped, 1-3.5 × 0.5-1.5 cm, base cuneate, margin dentate, apex rounded. Inflorescence a compound pseudumbel, usually rather compact; primary involucral leaves 5, yellowish green, obovate-oblong, 3-4 × 0.8-1.4 cm, margin dentate, base attenuate, primary rays 5, to 2-4 cm, progressively shorter; cyathophylls 2, obovate, base rounded, margin dentate, apex rounded. Cyathium subsessile; involucre campanulate, ca. 2.5 × 2 mm, smooth and glabrous, lobes rounded, pilose at margin and inside; glands 4, pale brown, disklike, shortly stalked, shallowly concave. Male flowers many, exserted from involucre. Female flower: ovary slightly reaching margin of cup. Capsule trigonous-terete, 2.5-3 × 3-4.5 mm, with 3 vertical furrows, conspicuous, smooth, glabrous. Seeds ovoid, ca. 2 × 1.5 mm, dark brown, reticulately wrinkled; caruncle compressed, sessile. Fl. and fr. Apr-Oct. 2n = 42*.

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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA

Habitat

Weed of cultivation.

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Bibliotheca Alexandrina

Habitat & Distribution

Fields, roadsides, scrub, margins of mixed forests. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [widely spread in N Africa, Asia, and Europe; introduced to North America].

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BioImages - the Virtual Fieldguide (UK)

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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA

Associations

Foodplant / parasite
telium of Melampsora euphorbiae parasitises live stem of Euphorbia helioscopia
Other: major host/prey

In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / parasite
Podosphaera euphorbiae parasitises Euphorbia helioscopia

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BioImages

Life Expectancy

Annual.

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