Species: Aythya americana

H - >2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles) - H - BREEDS: locally in south-central and southeastern Alaska, to western Canada and northwestern Minnesota, south to southern California and east to southern Wisconsin, northwestern Pennsylvania. Breeds in greatest abundance in the prairies and parklands of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, North Dakota, and South Dakota; nest densities are highest in the marshes of Nevada and Utah (Custer 1993). WINTERS: southern British Columbia, east to Nevada, northern Arkansas, and southern Illinois, eastern Indiana, eastern Michigan, New York, Connecticut, and eastern Maryland south to Mexico (most of), Guatemala, Cuba, Jamaica and Bahamas; casual in Hawaii. Primary wintering areas in the U.S. include eastern New Mexico-western Texas to Red River (Texas-Oklahoma), Gulf Coast from Texas to Florida, Atlantic coast from southern New Jersey to North Carolina, eastern Florida, and lakes Erie and Ontario (Root 1988). An estimated 80% of the total population winters on the hypersaline Laguna Madre along the Gulf Coast of northern Mexico and southern Texas (Custer 1993). Lake Winnipegosis in Manitoba is an important fall staging and molting area (Custer 1993).