Species: Junco hyemalis

Dark-eyed Junco
Species

    Plumage details vary considerably throughout the range, but the following is broadly applicable. Adults lack streaks and typically have dark eyes and a gray to black (sometimes tinged brown) hood over the head and breast, a white belly, and conspicuous white outer tail-feathers on an otherwise dark tail. Typically the bill is pinkish (or bluish, grayish, or bicolored). Males and females are similar but females in some subspecies average paler and browner than males. The appearance changes little throughout the year. Juveniles generally resemble the overall adult plumage pattern but are browner in color, often with a buffy undertone on the breast, and the adult pattern is largely obscured by coarse streaking on the head, back, and underparts. The eyes of juveniles are grayish, and some juveniles have pale wing-bars.

    Kingdom
    Animalia
    Phylum
    Craniata
    Class

    Aves

    Order

    Passeriformes

    Family

    Emberizidae

    Genus

    Junco

    Classification
    Other Global Common Names
    Junco Ojo Oscuro - junco ardoisé
    Informal Taxonomy
    Animals, Vertebrates - Birds - Perching Birds
    Formal Taxonomy
    Animalia - Craniata - Aves - Passeriformes - Emberizidae - Junco - (AOU 1998), and both formerly were treated as separate species.

    Plumage details vary considerably throughout the range, but the following is broadly applicable. Adults lack streaks and typically have dark eyes and a gray to black (sometimes tinged brown) hood over the head and breast, a white belly, and conspicuous white outer tail-feathers on an otherwise dark tail. Typically the bill is pinkish (or bluish, grayish, or bicolored). Males and females are similar but females in some subspecies average paler and browner than males. The appearance changes little throughout the year. Juveniles generally resemble the overall adult plumage pattern but are browner in color, often with a buffy undertone on the breast, and the adult pattern is largely obscured by coarse streaking on the head, back, and underparts. The eyes of juveniles are grayish, and some juveniles have pale wing-bars.

    Migration
    false - true - true - South-bound migration from the northern breeding range occurs primarily September-November. Migration to northern breeding areas occurs mainly March-May.
    Non-migrant
    false
    Locally Migrant
    true
    Food Comments
    Diet includes seeds throughout the year, insects during the breeding season, and waste grain in fall and winter.
    Reproduction Comments
    In most areas, nesting occurs from April to as late as August, but earlier nesting may occur in southern lowland areas and fledging may sometime extend into September. Clutch size usually is 3-5. Incubation lasts about 11-12 days. Both parents feed nestling and newly fledged young.
    Length
    16
    Weight
    2
    NatureServe Global Status Rank
    G5
    Global Status Last Reviewed
    2009-03-19
    Global Status Last Changed
    1996-12-04
    Other Status

    LC - Least concern

    Conservation Status Map
    <img src="http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/GetMapGif?CA.AB=S5&CA.BC=S5&CA.LB=S5&CA.MB=S5&CA.NB=S5&CA.NF=S5&CA.NT=S4&CA.NS=S4&CA.NU=SNR&CA.ON=S5&CA.PE=S5&CA.QC=S5&CA.SK=S5&CA.YT=S5&US.AL=__&US.AK=S5&US.AZ=S5&US.AR=__&US.CA=SNR&US.CO=S5&US.CT=S5&US.DE=__&US.DC=__&US.FL=__&US.GA=S4&US.ID=S5&US.IL=__&US.IN=__&US.IA=__&US.KS=__&US.KY=S2&US.LA=__&US.ME=S5&US.MD=S2&US.MA=S5&US.MI=S5&US.MN=SNR&US.MS=__&US.MO=__&US.MT=S5&US.NN=S5&US.NE=S3&US.NV=S5&US.NH=S5&US.NJ=S4&US.NM=S5&US.NY=S5&US.NC=S5&US.ND=__&US.OH=S2&US.OK=__&US.OR=S5&US.PA=S5&US.RI=S2&US.SC=SNR&US.SD=S5&US.TN=S5&US.TX=S5&US.UT=S4&US.VT=S5&US.VA=S4&US.WA=S5&US.WV=S5&US.WI=S3&US.WY=S5" alt="Conservation Status Map" style="width: 475px; height: auto;" />
    Global Range
    H - >2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles) - H - Breeding range extends from Alaska eastward across central Canada to Labrador and Newfoundland, south to northern Baja California, Arizona, western Texas, southern Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, Great Lakes region, and southern New England, and in the Appalachian Mountains to northern Georgia (Nolan et al. 2002). Winter range extends from southern Canada south through the United States to Florida, southern Texas, and northern Mexico.
    Global Range Code
    H
    Global Range Description
    >2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
    ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.101635