Species: Passer domesticus

H - >2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles) - H - Native to Old World (northern Scandinavia and northern Siberia south to northern Africa, Arabia, India, and southeast Asia). Introduced and established as a resident from the north coast of British Columbia and southern Yukon to Newfoundland, south to South America, West Indies (including Puerto Rico, where the species is uncommon and local on the south coast and a flock of 60 was found on Isla Mona in 1987), Hawaii (all main islands), south and east Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and many other areas of world (AOU 1998). Expansion continues in South America unaided by humans (Ridgely and Tudor 1989). Accidental (3 records) in Alaska; two vagrants in southeastern Alaska probably came from the North American exotic population, but one from St. Lawrence Island undoubtedly came from an introduced population on the Chukotsk Peninsula (Kessel and D. Gibson, University of Alaska Museum, unpublished records).