Species: Thryomanes bewickii

FG - 20,000-2,500,000 square km (about 8000-1,000,000 square miles) - FG - BREEDING: historically, mainly from southwestern British Columbia, western and central Washington, western and southern Oregon, northern California, west-central and southern Nevada, southern Utah, southwestern Wyoming, central Colorado, Kansas, southeastern Nebraska, southern Iowa, extreme southern Great Lakes region, and southeastern New York, south to southern Baja California, northern Sonora, in Mexican highlands to central Oaxaca, western Puebla, and west-central Veracruz, and to southern Tamaulipas, central Texas, northern Arkansas, northern portions of the Gulf states (except Louisiana), and central South Carolina (AOU 1983). Formerly occurred on San Clemente Island (California) and Isla Guadalupe (Mexico). Species has nearly disappeared from all of the range east of the Mississippi River (Kennedy and White 1997). The greatest numbers are now, and probably always have been found, in the southwestern U.S. The highest encounter rates from 1976 to 1985 were found in central and southern Texas, central and southern Arizona, and southern and northcentral California. Highest average birds per BBS routes (1982-1991) were located in Arizona (9.67), Texas (5.24), California (4.25), New Mexico (3.37), and Oklahoma (2.57). A small population concentration also exists in western Washington. Eastern states, in contrast, average 0.05 birds per route. NON-BREEDING: northern limits of breeding range (west of the Rockies), Kansas, Missouri, lower Ohio Valley, Tennessee, and North Carolina south to limits of breeding range in Mexico, the Gulf coast, and central Florida (AOU 1983). The population east of the Mississippi has nearly disappeared. Subspecies ALTUS: historically, Appalachian region from southern Ontario, central Ohio, and cental Pennsylvania south to central Alabama, central Georgia, and central South Carolina, wintering south to the Gulf coast and central Florida (AOU 1957); now very local and rare in this range.