Species: Thryomanes bewickii

Bewick's Wren
Species

    A 13-centimeter-long bird with a long sideways-flitting tail edged with white spots, a long white eyebrow, a slender decurved bill, and a pale (whitish) unmarked throat and breast; dorsum is reddish-brown in the east, much grayer in the west (NGS 1983).

    Kingdom
    Animalia
    Phylum
    Craniata
    Class

    Aves

    Order

    Passeriformes

    Family

    Troglodytidae

    Genus

    Thryomanes

    Classification
    Other Global Common Names
    Chivirín Cola Oscura - Troglodyte de Bewick
    Informal Taxonomy
    Animals, Vertebrates - Birds - Perching Birds
    Formal Taxonomy
    Animalia - Craniata - Aves - Passeriformes - Troglodytidae - Thryomanes - Phillips (1986) merged the genus THYROMANES into the genus TROGLODYTES, which necessitated a new name for the San Clemente Island subspecies, for which A. M. Rea provided the name ANTHONYI. This generic placement also suggested by Howell and Webb (1995). Might be conspecific with and may constitute a superspecies with T. SISSONII (AOU 1998).

    A 13-centimeter-long bird with a long sideways-flitting tail edged with white spots, a long white eyebrow, a slender decurved bill, and a pale (whitish) unmarked throat and breast; dorsum is reddish-brown in the east, much grayer in the west (NGS 1983).

    Short General Description
    A small insectivorous songbird (wren).
    Migration
    true - true - true - Northern breeding populations are partially migratory in the east, move south for winter. Elevational migrations occur in some areas. In the western half of the United States, the Bewick's wren is essentially non-migratory. However, the populations found in the Appalachians and in the Midwest are migratory, and travel in early spring, often arriving in March (Stupka 1963). The birds remains on the breeding grounds until October or November. Those that nest in the Appalachians and Midwest winter farther south, mainly from Kentucky and Missouri southward to the Gulf Coast, but they are very rare in Florida.
    Non-migrant
    true
    Locally Migrant
    true
    Food Comments
    Insects comprise about 97% of the diet (beetles, leaf bugs, stink bugs, boll weevils, grasshoppers, etc). Also eats spiders and other small animal food. Forages on the ground, among foliage and limbs of trees and bushes, on logpiles, or around old buildings. Most of its foraging occurs within ten feet of the ground.
    Reproduction Comments
    Lay eggs from April into June, with from four to nine (usually five to seven) eggs per clutch. Generally, two or three broods are raised per year (Potter et al. 1980). The female incubates and the chicks hatch after approximately 14 days. Juveniles fledge approximately 14 days after hatching. Both parents feed until young are 28 days old (Bent 1948, Harrison 1978).
    Length
    13
    Weight
    10
    NatureServe Global Status Rank
    G5
    Global Status Last Reviewed
    1996-12-03
    Global Status Last Changed
    1996-12-03
    Other Status

    LC - Least concern

    Conservation Status Map
    <img src="http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/GetMapGif?CA.BC=S4&CA.ON=SH&US.AL=SH&US.AZ=S5&US.AR=S2&US.CA=SNR&US.CO=S5&US.DC=__&US.GA=SH&US.ID=SNR&US.IL=S1&US.IN=S1&US.IA=S2&US.KS=S4&US.KY=S3&US.LA=__&US.MD=S1&US.MI=__&US.MS=S2&US.MO=S3&US.MT=__&US.NN=S4&US.NE=S4&US.NV=S5&US.NM=S4&US.NC=SH&US.OH=S1&US.OK=S4&US.OR=S4&US.PA=SH&US.SC=S1&US.TN=S1&US.TX=S5&US.UT=S4&US.VA=S1&US.WA=S5&US.WV=S1&US.WI=SX&US.WY=S3" alt="Conservation Status Map" style="width: 475px; height: auto;" />
    Global Range
    FG - 20,000-2,500,000 square km (about 8000-1,000,000 square miles) - FG - BREEDING: historically, mainly from southwestern British Columbia, western and central Washington, western and southern Oregon, northern California, west-central and southern Nevada, southern Utah, southwestern Wyoming, central Colorado, Kansas, southeastern Nebraska, southern Iowa, extreme southern Great Lakes region, and southeastern New York, south to southern Baja California, northern Sonora, in Mexican highlands to central Oaxaca, western Puebla, and west-central Veracruz, and to southern Tamaulipas, central Texas, northern Arkansas, northern portions of the Gulf states (except Louisiana), and central South Carolina (AOU 1983). Formerly occurred on San Clemente Island (California) and Isla Guadalupe (Mexico). Species has nearly disappeared from all of the range east of the Mississippi River (Kennedy and White 1997). The greatest numbers are now, and probably always have been found, in the southwestern U.S. The highest encounter rates from 1976 to 1985 were found in central and southern Texas, central and southern Arizona, and southern and northcentral California. Highest average birds per BBS routes (1982-1991) were located in Arizona (9.67), Texas (5.24), California (4.25), New Mexico (3.37), and Oklahoma (2.57). A small population concentration also exists in western Washington. Eastern states, in contrast, average 0.05 birds per route. NON-BREEDING: northern limits of breeding range (west of the Rockies), Kansas, Missouri, lower Ohio Valley, Tennessee, and North Carolina south to limits of breeding range in Mexico, the Gulf coast, and central Florida (AOU 1983). The population east of the Mississippi has nearly disappeared. Subspecies ALTUS: historically, Appalachian region from southern Ontario, central Ohio, and cental Pennsylvania south to central Alabama, central Georgia, and central South Carolina, wintering south to the Gulf coast and central Florida (AOU 1957); now very local and rare in this range.
    Global Range Code
    FG
    Global Range Description
    20,000-2,500,000 square km (about 8000-1,000,000 square miles)
    ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.100618