Species: Thryomanes bewickii
Bewick's Wren
Species
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Encyclopedia of Puget Sound
A 13-centimeter-long bird with a long sideways-flitting tail edged with white spots, a long white eyebrow, a slender decurved bill, and a pale (whitish) unmarked throat and breast; dorsum is reddish-brown in the east, much grayer in the west (NGS 1983).
Classification
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Craniata
Class
Aves
Order
Passeriformes
Family
Troglodytidae
Genus
Thryomanes
NatureServe
Classification
Other Global Common Names
ChivirÃn Cola Oscura - Troglodyte de Bewick
Informal Taxonomy
Animals, Vertebrates - Birds - Perching Birds
Formal Taxonomy
Animalia - Craniata - Aves - Passeriformes - Troglodytidae - Thryomanes - Phillips (1986) merged the genus THYROMANES into the genus TROGLODYTES, which necessitated a new name for the San Clemente Island subspecies, for which A. M. Rea provided the name ANTHONYI. This generic placement also suggested by Howell and Webb (1995). Might be conspecific with and may constitute a superspecies with T. SISSONII (AOU 1998).
Ecology and Life History
A 13-centimeter-long bird with a long sideways-flitting tail edged with white spots, a long white eyebrow, a slender decurved bill, and a pale (whitish) unmarked throat and breast; dorsum is reddish-brown in the east, much grayer in the west (NGS 1983).
Short General Description
A small insectivorous songbird (wren).
Migration
true - true - true - Northern breeding populations are partially migratory in the east, move south for winter. Elevational migrations occur in some areas. In the western half of the United States, the Bewick's wren is essentially non-migratory. However, the populations found in the Appalachians and in the Midwest are migratory, and travel in early spring, often arriving in March (Stupka 1963). The birds remains on the breeding grounds until October or November. Those that nest in the Appalachians and Midwest winter farther south, mainly from Kentucky and Missouri southward to the Gulf Coast, but they are very rare in Florida.
Non-migrant
true
Locally Migrant
true
Food Comments
Insects comprise about 97% of the diet (beetles, leaf bugs, stink bugs, boll weevils, grasshoppers, etc). Also eats spiders and other small animal food. Forages on the ground, among foliage and limbs of trees and bushes, on logpiles, or around old buildings. Most of its foraging occurs within ten feet of the ground.
Reproduction Comments
Lay eggs from April into June, with from four to nine (usually five to seven) eggs per clutch. Generally, two or three broods are raised per year (Potter et al. 1980). The female incubates and the chicks hatch after approximately 14 days. Juveniles fledge approximately 14 days after hatching. Both parents feed until young are 28 days old (Bent 1948, Harrison 1978).
Length
13
Weight
10
Conservation Status
NatureServe Global Status Rank
G5
Global Status Last Reviewed
1996-12-03
Global Status Last Changed
1996-12-03
Other Status
LC - Least concern
Distribution
Conservation Status Map
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Global Range
FG - 20,000-2,500,000 square km (about 8000-1,000,000 square miles) - FG - BREEDING: historically, mainly from southwestern British Columbia, western and central Washington, western and southern Oregon, northern California, west-central and southern Nevada, southern Utah, southwestern Wyoming, central Colorado, Kansas, southeastern Nebraska, southern Iowa, extreme southern Great Lakes region, and southeastern New York, south to southern Baja California, northern Sonora, in Mexican highlands to central Oaxaca, western Puebla, and west-central Veracruz, and to southern Tamaulipas, central Texas, northern Arkansas, northern portions of the Gulf states (except Louisiana), and central South Carolina (AOU 1983). Formerly occurred on San Clemente Island (California) and Isla Guadalupe (Mexico). Species has nearly disappeared from all of the range east of the Mississippi River (Kennedy and White 1997). The greatest numbers are now, and probably always have been found, in the southwestern U.S. The highest encounter rates from 1976 to 1985 were found in central and southern Texas, central and southern Arizona, and southern and northcentral California. Highest average birds per BBS routes (1982-1991) were located in Arizona (9.67), Texas (5.24), California (4.25), New Mexico (3.37), and Oklahoma (2.57). A small population concentration also exists in western Washington. Eastern states, in contrast, average 0.05 birds per route. NON-BREEDING: northern limits of breeding range (west of the Rockies), Kansas, Missouri, lower Ohio Valley, Tennessee, and North Carolina south to limits of breeding range in Mexico, the Gulf coast, and central Florida (AOU 1983). The population east of the Mississippi has nearly disappeared. Subspecies ALTUS: historically, Appalachian region from southern Ontario, central Ohio, and cental Pennsylvania south to central Alabama, central Georgia, and central South Carolina, wintering south to the Gulf coast and central Florida (AOU 1957); now very local and rare in this range.
Global Range Code
FG
Global Range Description
20,000-2,500,000 square km (about 8000-1,000,000 square miles)