Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum

"Notes: Western Ghats, Cultivated, Native of Mediterranean Region"

"Notes: Western Ghats, Cultivated, Native of Mediterranean Region"

Perennial aquatic herb often rooting at the nodes with procumbent or ascending stems to 1 m. Lower leaves pinnate with 1-3 leaflets; upper sessile with 5-9 or more leaflets; leaflets all entire to sinuate. Flowers white in terminal racemes. Siliqua 10-18 mm.

"Tamil Nadu: Dindigul, Nilgiri"

"Tamil Nadu: Dindigul, Nilgiri"

Canada

Origin: Exotic

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

United States

Origin: Exotic

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Nile and Mediterranean regions, Sinai.

Macaronesia, Europe, north Africa, west and central Asia to India.

Rorippa nasturtium Scop.:
Bolivia (South America)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

Rorippa nasturtium (Moench) Beck:
Bolivia (South America)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Schinz & Thell.:
United States (North America)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

Sisymbrium nasturtium-aquaticum L.:
Canada (North America)
United States (North America)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek:
Bolivia (South America)
Colombia (South America)
Ecuador (South America)
French Guiana (South America)
Gabon (Africa & Madagascar)
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
Madagascar (Africa & Madagascar)
Peru (South America)
United States (North America)
South Africa (Africa & Madagascar)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

Nasturtium officinale W.T. Aiton:
Canada (North America)
Costa Rica (Mesoamerica)
Ecuador (South America)
El Salvador (Mesoamerica)
Guatemala (Mesoamerica)
Honduras (Mesoamerica)
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
United States (North America)
Panama (Mesoamerica)
Madagascar (Africa & Madagascar)
China (Asia)
Bolivia (South America)
Nicaragua (Mesoamerica)
Colombia (South America)
Venezuela (South America)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan [native to SW Asia and Europe; widely naturalized elsewhere].

Europe, N Africa and Asia; introduced elsewhere

Global Range: Native to Europe [and possibly eastern Siberia and one hot-springs site in Alaska]; now found as an exotic throughout the temperate and subtropical regions of the world.

Distribution: Europe and Temperate Asia; widely introduced.

Europe, N. Africa; widely naturalised in temperate Asia.

Perennial, rhizomatous, 10-80 cm long, procumbent and rooting below at the nodes, ascending or floating, glabrous green, rarely with scattered simple hairs. Leaves lyrate-pinnate; lower stalked with 1-5 leaflets; upper sessile, auricled at the base, and with 5-9 leaflets; terminal leaflet suborbicular or broadly cordate; lateral leaflet entire to sinuate-toothed. Leaves and stem remaining green in au¬tumn. Racemes 10-25-flowered, lax, up to 20 cm long in fruits. Flowers c. 4 mm across, white; pedicels up to 10 (-15) mm long in fruit, spreading, horizontal or slightly deflexed. Sepals c. 2 mm long. Petals 4-5 (-6) mm long, c. 2 mm broad. Stamens c. 2:3 mm long. Siliquae oblong, subcylindrical, 10-20 mm long, 2-2.5 mm broad, often slightly upcurved, glabrous, faintly veined, finely headed due to the pressure of seeds on valves; style 0.5-1 mm long with depressed stigma; seeds many, ± biseriate, ovoid, c. 1 mm long with c. 25 polygonal depressions on each face.

Herbs perennial, rhizomatous, aquatic, 10-70(-200) cm tall, glabrous throughout or sparsely pubescent with simple trichomes. Stems decumbent or prostrate, erect in emergent plants, branched above, rooting at proximal nodes. Leaves all cauline, pinnately compound, 3-9(-13)-foliolate; petiole auriculate at base; terminal leaflet suborbicular or oblong, 1-4 cm, base obtuse, cuneate, or subcordate, margin entire or repand, apex obtuse; lateral leaflets smaller, usually sessile. Fruiting pedicels slender, divaricate or recurved, 5-12(-20) mm. Sepals oblong, 2-3.5 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate. Petals white or pink, spatulate or obovate, 2.8-4.5(-6) × 1.5-25 mm, apex rounded; claw ca. 1 mm. Filaments white, 2-3.5 mm; anthers oblong, ca. 0.6 mm. Fruit cylindric, 1-1.5(-2) cm × (1.8-)2-2.5(-3) mm; valves with an obscure midvein; style 0.5-1(-1.5) mm. Seeds biseriate, ovoid, 1-1.3 × 0.7-1 mm, reddish brown, coarsely reticulate, with 25-50(-60) areolae on each side. Fl. Apr-Sep, fr. May-Sep. 2n = 32*.

1400-2100 m

Habit: Aquatic Herb

Habit: Aquatic Herb

Sisymbrium nasturtium-aquaticum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 657. 1753; Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (Linnaeus) Hayek.

Streams, ditches, lakes, swamps, marshes; near sea level to 3700 m.

Comments: Streams, springs, marshes, lake margins; <2700 m.

Foodplant / feeds on
larva of Amalorrhynchus melanarius feeds on Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum sens.str.

Foodplant / feeds on
larva of Drupenatus nasturtii feeds on Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum sens.str.

Foodplant / feeds on
larva of Poophagus sisymbrii feeds on Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum sens.str.

Foodplant / parasite
colony of Albugo candida parasitises live, discoloured, distorted leaf of Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum agg.
Remarks: season: spring, early autumn

In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / parasite
colony of sporangium of Peronospora parasitica parasitises live Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum agg.
Remarks: season: 1-4
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / open feeder
adult of Phaedon armoraciae grazes on live, perforated leaf of Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum agg.
Remarks: season: 5-11

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Phaedon cochleariae grazes on live leaf of Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum agg.
Remarks: season: -early 9

Foodplant / parasite
colony of Spongospora nasturtii parasitises live root of Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum agg.

Nasturtium officinale is prey of:
Cambarus bartonii
Gammarus minus
Gammarus bousfieldi

Based on studies in:
USA: Kentucky, Station 1 (River)

This list may not be complete but is based on published studies.

Nasturtium officinale preys on:
detritus

Based on studies in:
USA: Kentucky, Station 1 (River)

This list may not be complete but is based on published studies.

Occasional

Fl. Per.: April-July.

The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 2
Specimens with Barcodes: 3
Species With Barcodes: 1

The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 11
Specimens with Barcodes: 22
Species With Barcodes: 1

Canada

Rounded National Status Rank: NNA - Not Applicable

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: N1 - Critically Imperiled

Rounded Global Status Rank: GNR - Not Yet Ranked

Reasons: Status as a native plant not assessed; widely cultivated as a salad green (the garden watercress), and established (or often naturalized) in many fresh-water streams and springs throughout the world.