Artemisia biennis var. biennis

Artemisia biennis var. diffusa Dorn:
United States (North America)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

Artemisia biennis Willd.:
Canada (North America)
United States (North America)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

United States

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

Global Range: Regional endemic of the Rock Springs Uplift (Sweetwater County, Wyoming) and Garfield County, Utah.

Canada

Origin: Unknown/Undetermined

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

United States

Origin: Unknown/Undetermined

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

Canada

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

United States

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

Asia, N. America.

Distribution: Turkey, USSR, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, China and N. America.

Annuals or biennials, (10–)30–80(–150) cm, not aromatic. Stems 1, erect, often reddish, simple (finely striate), glabrous. Leaves cauline, green or yellow-green (sessile); blades broadly lanceolate to ovate, 4–10(–13) × 1.5–4 cm, 1–2-pinnately lobed (ultimate lobes coarsely toothed), faces glabrous. Heads (erect, subsessile) in (leafy) paniculiform to spiciform arrays 12–35(–40) × 2–4 cm (lateral branches relatively short). Involucres globose, 2–4 × (1.5–)2–4 mm. Phyllaries (green) broadly elliptic to obovate, glabrous. Florets: pistillate 6–25; bisexual 15–40; corollas pale yellow, ca. 2 mm, glabrous. Cypselae ellipsoid (4–5-nerved), 0.2–0.9 mm, glabrous. 2n = 18.

3700-4600 m

An annual or biennial glabrous, non-aromatic herb with up to 1.8 (-2.5) m tall, erect, striate, unbranched, pale-green or purple tinged stem. Rootstock vertical, 8 – 10 cm long, c. 10 – 15 mm thick. Basal leaves with 3 – 6 cm long petioles; lamina oblong-ovate to elliptic, 6 – 15 x 4 – 8 (-10) cm, 2 (-3)-pinnatisect, rachis sparsely lobulate, primary segments remote, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, 2 – 5 x 0.8 – 2.4 cm, acute, secondary segments 6 – 15 x 4 – 8 mm, very narrowly elliptic, serrate to ± pinnatifid, median and upper leaves gradually smaller, subsessile to sessile, uppermost in floral region pinnatifid or lanceolate and entire. Capitula heterogamous, numerous, erect, hemispherical-oblong, 2.5 – 3 x c. 2 mm, almost sessile, congested in oblong, 30 – 70 x 1.5 – 5 cm, strict, contracted panicle with ascending to erect-appressed spicate branches. Involucre 3-seriate, phyllaries glabrous, outermost oblong, c. 1.5 mm long, inner ones subequal, 2 – 2.75 x 1 – 1.5 mm, widely scarious on both sides of green midrib, obtuse. Receptacle conical, c. 1 mm long, glabrous. Florets numerous, all fertile, greenish-yellow; marginal florets 10-25 (-30), with c. 1 mm long, glandular, 2-toothed corolla; disc-florets 9-35 (-40), bisexual, with c. 1.25 mm long, ± clavate-tubular, basally glandulose, 5-toothed corolla. Cypselas oblong-oblanceolate, 0.8 – 1 mm long, finely striate, brown.

Artemisia biennis var. diffusa Dorn

Artemisia tournefortiana Reichb., Icon. Bot. Exot. 1: 6, t. 5. 1824; DC., Prodr. 6: 119. 1837; Boiss., Fl. Or. 3: 372. 1875; C. B. Clarke, Comp. Ind. 163. 1876; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 324. 1881; Burkill, Work. List Fl. Pl. Bal. 54. 1901; Pamp. in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. s. 34: 705. 1927; ibid, 46: 585. 1939; Rech. f., Symb. Afghan. 2: 56. 1955; Kitam., Fl. Afghan. 389. 1960; Poljakov in Schischk. & Bobrov, Fl. USSR 26: 488. 1961; R. R. Stewart, l. c. 720; Cullen in P. H . Davis, Fl. Turk. 5: 317. fig. 15.13. 1975; Tsiang & Li, Icon. Corm. Sin. 4: 531. fig. 6476. 1975; B. D. Naithiani in Hajara et al., l.c. 45.

Comments: Clay flats and playas.

Common in subalipine regions of Hindukush and N.W. Himalayas in Indo-Pakistan subcontinent from 2-3000 m in sandy-clay soils along field borders and cultivated fields as a weed.

Foodplant / parasite
Albugo tragopogonis parasitises Artemisia biennis

Note: For many non-migratory species, occurrences are roughly equivalent to populations.

Estimated Number of Occurrences: 1 - 5

Comments: Known only from one collection, last observed in the field in 1980. Area has been resurveyed at least four times by Dorn since, and by Fertig in 1993, without success.

Fl. Per.: July-September.

The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 4
Specimens with Barcodes: 7
Species With Barcodes: 1

Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: N1 - Critically Imperiled

Rounded Global Status Rank: T1 - Critically Imperiled

Reasons: The full species is very widespread, but the variety 'diffusa' is known from only one small population that may be recently extirpated (last seen in 1980 and searches since then have been unsuccessful). Taxonomic questions need to be resolved (are the morphological differences between this and the typical variety based on genetics or environmental conditions?).

Canada

Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked

Rounded Global Status Rank: T5 - Secure

Reasons: Native to the western or northwestern United States and parts of western Canada (but common and widely distributed elsewhere as an exotic). Common in large parts of its native range, where found in disturbed areas, waste places and stream banks.

Canada

Rounded National Status Rank: N5 - Secure

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: N4 - Apparently Secure

Global Short Term Trend: Decline of 10-30%

Comments: Population data only available for 1980. No plants have been observed since then. Range-wide survey needed to assess trends.

Comments: Threatened by pollution and habitat development at it's only known site. Also threatened by energy development, trampling.

These species are introduced in Switzerland.

Biological Research Needs: (1) Taxonomic questions should be resolved. Variety is based on an unusual growth form that may be an environmental response, rather than genetically based. (2) Status survey needed in the desert basin country of Sweetwater and Fremont counties to locate any additional populations (3) If new populations are located, monitoring and biological studies are needed to determine population size, trends, germination requirements, etc. (4) greenhouse studies needed to experimentally determine germination needs, nutrient requirements, etc., and to develop propagation methods that may be needed for reintroduction.