Species: Aythya affinis

H - >2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles) - H - BREEDING: central Alaska and Mackenzie Delta to northern Manitoba and northern Ontario south to southern British Columbia, northern Idaho, northern Wyoming, northern North Dakota, and Minnesota, casually or irregularly east to central Quebec and south to Washington, central California, northern Utah, central Colorado, central Nebraska, northwestern Iowa, central Illinois, and northern Ohio (AOU 1998). NON-BREEDING: southern Alaska, and from southern British Columbia, southern Idaho, Utah, northeastern Colorado, Kansas, Iowa, southern Great Lakes region, and New England south throughout the southern U.S., Middle America, and West Indies to northern Colombia, northern Venezuela (very small number at southern limit of this range); small numbers in Hawaii. Primary wintering areas in the U.S. include the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains, Mississippi Valley north to the Ohio River, and the Pacific states, plus southern British Columbia; the highest densities occur in southern Florida and along the Mississippi River (Root 1988).