Hydrocoloeus minutus

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Distribution

Range

N Eurasia and ne North America.

References:

Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, B.L. Sullivan, C. L. Wood, and D. Roberson. 2012. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.7. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/downloadable-clements-che...

Source:

Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology

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World Register of Marine Species

Distribution

Swedish Exclusive Economic Zone

References:

Dyntaxa (2013) Swedish Taxonomic Database. Accessed at www.dyntaxa.se [15-01-2013].

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WoRMS for SMEBD

Range Description

The Little Gull can be found breeding in northern Scandinavia, the Baltic republics and western Russia to western Siberia, in eastern Siberia, and in the Great Lakes of North America. Its distribution expands in winter to include most of the Mediterranean, Black Sea and Caspian Sea coastlines, as well as the Atlantic coast of Europe and the north-west coast of the USA¹.

Source:

IUCN

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International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations

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NatureServe

National Distribution

Canada

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Breeding

United States

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

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NatureServe

Global Range: BREEDING: locally in North America along Great Lakes in northern Wisconsin, northern Michigan, (Upper Peninsula), and southern Ontario, also in Manitoba and Quebec; and in Eurasia. First started breeding in Ontario in 1962, has expanded range since then to include northern Wisconsin and northern Michigan in mid-1970s, Manitoba in 1981, and Quebec in 1982 (Spendelow and Patton 1988). NON-BREEDING: in North America on Great Lakes, and along Atlantic coast from Massachusetts to Virginia; also in Old World.

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NatureServe

Size

Length: 28 cm

Weight: 120 grams

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NatureServe

Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

Behaviour This species is fully migratory¹, usually arriving in its breeding areas from late-April to late-May² and leaving again in late-July^{2, 3} (although its movements are poorly documented)¹. The species breeds from late-Junein mixed-species colonies and subcolonies occasionally as large as 2,000 individuals, sometimes also in more solitary scattered pairs¹. After breeding the species is gregarious⁴, with groups of 10-20 individuals common at feeding or resting sites⁴, and flocks of hundreds or even thousands congregating briefly at favourable sites or during bad weather⁴. Large groups (thousands of individuals) may also gather on German lakes and wetlands to moult before migrating to wintering areas². Habitat Breeding The species breeds inland on shallow freshwater and brackish lakes^{1, 2}, river basins, marshes and bogs¹, occasionally also at coastal lagoons¹, showing a preference for habitats with lush vegetation³ and emergent or floating plants in muddy shallow water⁴. Non-breeding On migration the species occurs at sea, along shores, and on reservoirs, lagoons and lakes², wintering along the coast on sandy and muddy beaches², mouths of rivers¹ and at sea², especially at stream and sewage outlets⁴. Diet Breeding The species is mainly insectivorous when breeding, taking e.g. dragonflies, beetles, midges¹, mayflies and stoneflies³. Non-breeding On migration its diet is the same as during the breeding season (consisting mainly of insects)¹, although during the winter the species switches to a diet of small fish and marine invertebrates¹, ⁵. Breeding site The nest varies from a shallow depression^{1, 3} to a much more substantial structure depending on the situation³. Nests are sited on the ground in wet vegetation adjacent to or on shallow water^{1, 3}, floating at the edge of emergent vegetation (e.g. in reedbeds)¹, on grassy islands in freshwater shallow lakes², and occasionally also on sandbanks¹. The species breeds in colonies or subcolonies with nests spaced c.1-1.5 m apart, sometimes also in more solitary scattered pairs¹.

Systems

Terrestrial
Freshwater
Marine

Source:

IUCN

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Ocean Biogeographic Information System

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International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Depth range based on 1141 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 480 samples.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 0 - 0
  Temperature range (°C): 7.577 - 12.736
  Nitrate (umol/L): 1.172 - 16.868
  Salinity (PPS): 5.715 - 35.269
  Oxygen (ml/l): 6.137 - 8.325
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.231 - 0.890
  Silicate (umol/l): 0.987 - 12.889

Graphical representation

Temperature range (°C): 7.577 - 12.736

Nitrate (umol/L): 1.172 - 16.868

Salinity (PPS): 5.715 - 35.269

Oxygen (ml/l): 6.137 - 8.325

Phosphate (umol/l): 0.231 - 0.890

Silicate (umol/l): 0.987 - 12.889

Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.

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Comments: NON-BREEDING: Seacoasts, bays, estuaries, rivers, lakes, ponds, marshes, and flooded fields (AOU 1983). BREEDING: Nests usually on ground or on floating or emergent plants in marsh. Two pairs at Portage Point (Michigan) nested on small cattail beds and were near but isolated from common tern colony; nests in Wisconsin were in colonies of Forster's or black tern (Spendelow and Patton 1988).

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NatureServe

Migration

Non-Migrant: Yes. At least some populations of this species do not make significant seasonal migrations. Juvenile dispersal is not considered a migration.

Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make local extended movements (generally less than 200 km) at particular times of the year (e.g., to breeding or wintering grounds, to hibernation sites).

Locally Migrant: Yes. At least some populations of this species make annual migrations of over 200 km.

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NatureServe

Trophic Strategy

Comments: Forages at water surface for fishes and crustaceans, eats insects caught in flight inland, sometimes feeds at sewer outlets of cities in northeastern U.S. seaboard (Terres 1980).

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NatureServe

Life Expectancy

Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

Maximum longevity: 20.9 years (wild)

Source:

AnAge

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Joao Pedro de Magalhaes

Reproduction

Lays clutch of usually 3 eggs, May-June in Ontario. Incubation 20-21 days, by both sexes. Young tended by both parents, fly at 21-24 days.

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)

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NatureServe

Molecular Biology

Barcode data: Larus minutus

The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.

There is 1 barcode sequence available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is the sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen. Other sequences that do not yet meet barcode criteria may also be available.

TTAATCTTCGGCGCATGAGCTGGCATAGTGGGTACTGCCCTTAGCCTGCTTATTCGTGCAGAACTCGGCCAACCCGGAACCCTCCTAGGAGACGACCAAATCTATAACGTAATTGTCACCGCCCACGCCTTCGTGATAATCTTCTTCATAGTAATACCAATCATGATTGGCGGCTTCGGAAATTGACTAGTCCCACTTATAATTGGTGCTCCCGACATAGCATTTCCACGCATAAACAACATAAGCTTCTGACTACTACCCCCATCATTCCTACTCCTCCTAGCCTCTTCCACAGTAGAGGCCGGGGCCGGTACAGGATGAACAGTATACCCCCCTCTAGCTGGTAATCTAGCCCATGCTGGAGCTTCAGTAGACCTGGCAATCTTCTCCCTTCACTTAGCAGGTGTGTCCTCAATCCTAGGTGCCATTAACTTCATCACTACGGCTATCAACATAAAACCCCCTGCCCTCTCACAATATCAAACCCCTCTATTCGTATGATCCGTACTCATCACTGCCGTCCTATTACTACTCTCACTCCCCGTACTTGCTGCAGGCATCACTATACTACTTACAGACCGAAACCTAAACACAACATTCTTCGACCCTGCCGGGGGTGGTGATCCCGTGCTATACCAACACCTCTTC
-- end --

Download FASTA File

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)

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Barcode of Life Data Systems

Statistics of barcoding coverage: Larus minutus

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 1
Specimens with Barcodes: 2
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Barcode of Life Data Systems

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

Red List Category

Least Concern

Red List Criteria

Version

3.1

Year Assessed

2009

Assessor/s

BirdLife International

Reviewer/s

Bird, J., Butchart, S.

Contributor/s

Justification

This species has an extremely large range, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion (Extent of Occurrence <20,000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size, habitat extent/quality, or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation). The population trend appears to be increasing, and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population trend criterion (>30% decline over ten years or three generations). The population size is very large, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population size criterion (<10,000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be >10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specified population structure). For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern.

History

2008

Least Concern
2004

Least Concern

Source:

IUCN

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International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Status in Egypt

Winter visitor.

Source:

Bibliotheca Alexandrina

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Bibliotheca Alexandrina

National NatureServe Conservation Status

Canada

Rounded National Status Rank: N2B - Imperiled

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: N1B,N2N : N1B: Critically Imperiled - Breeding, N2N: Imperiled - Nonbreeding

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NatureServe

NatureServe Conservation Status

Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure

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