Species: Phalaropus tricolor

In the central and northern Great Plains (Minnesota, Nebraska, and North Dakota), arrives on the breeding grounds from mid-April to early May and departs from mid-August to early September (Roberts 1932, Howe 1972, Johnsgard 1980, Murray 1983). In Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan, arrives on breeding grounds from late April to early May and is observed until early September (Hohn 1967; Maher 1974; Reynolds et al. 1986; Colwell 1987; Colwell and Oring 1988a,b). Females arrive on the breeding grounds earlier than males (Reynolds et al. 1986, Colwell 1987), and commonly depart from breeding areas earlier than males, usually from early June to early July (Hohn 1967; Howe 1972; Colwell 1987; Colwell and Oring 1988a,b). <br><br>May renest after nest failure, and females are capable of laying multiple clutches (Colwell and Jehl 1994). Polyandry was first documented in Saskatchewan, where a color-banded female laid two clutches with two individual males (Colwell 1986a, Colwell 1987). Philopatry is uncommon, although males return to breeding areas in successive years more often than females (Colwell 1987, Colwell and Oring 1988b). Of 154 adult male phalaropes banded over four years in Saskatchewan, 16 percent returned to their previous breeding area in successive years, whereas only 2 percent of 69 banded adult females returned (Colwell 1987).