Pluvialis fulva

World Register of Marine Species

Distribution

New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone, Portuguese Exclusive Economic Zone, Spanish Exclusive Economic Zone, United Kingdom Exclusive Economic Zone, Wimereux

References:

Müller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France. 307 pp.
Gordon, D. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One: Kingdom Animalia. 584 pp
MEDIN (2011). UK checklist of marine species derived from the applications Marine Recorder and UNICORN, version 1.0.
Ramos, M. (ed.). 2010. IBERFAUNA. The Iberian Fauna Databank

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WoRMS for SMEBD

occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations

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NatureServe

National Distribution

Canada

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Transient

United States

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

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NatureServe

Global Range: BREEDING: western Alaska east to Yamal Peninsula in Siberia. NON-BREEDING: India, southern China, Hawaii (most abundant August-April, some present all year) south to Australia, New Zealand. Breeders from western Alaska and eastern Siberia occur mainly in the Indo-Pacific region during the northern winter.

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NatureServe

Size

Length: 27 cm

Weight: 145 grams

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NatureServe

Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

Behaviour This species is strongly migratory, with different populations travelling on narrow or broad fronts depending on the location of their breeding and wintering grounds¹. The species breeds between June and July² after which it departs the breeding grounds from late-August or early-September¹. It may forage singly or in flocks of one hundred or more individiuals, occurring in small groups of 3-7 individuals at stopover sites on the northward passage but in large flocks on the southward passage¹. Habitat Breeding It breeds on inland Arctic habitats including shrub tundra, montane tundra and stony well-drained uplands with mosses and lichens¹. Non-breeding The species occurs on the shores of lakes and rivers when on passage in the U.S.S.R.², but outside of the breeding season in generally occupies coastal areas, foraging in coastal fields and prairies with short grass, ploughed fields¹, coastal freshwater pools², saltmarshes, beaches, open mud and sandflats¹ and reefs². It roosts on the same habitats used for foraging, as well as on exposed sandy beaches and exposed rocks¹. Diet Its diet consists predominantly of insects, molluscs, worms, crustaceans and spiders, although berries are also important during the breeding season on the Arctic tundra¹. Breeding site The nest is a shallow scrape positioned on a dry site amongst hummocks, lichen, Dryas spp. or moss¹. The species shows a high degree of nest-site fidelity and will return to the same nest cup or to within 100 m of nest-site of previous year¹.

Systems

Terrestrial
Freshwater
Marine

Source:

IUCN

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International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Comments: BREEDING: Grassy arctic and alpine tundra, usually in areas at lower elevation, in denser and taller vegetative cover than used by P. DOMINICA (breeding). Nests on grassy tundra; prefers dry upland areas. The nest is a shallow scraped-out depression, lined with mosses, leaves, grass, and lichens. In western Alaska, where DOMINICA and FULVA are sympatric, DOMINICA nests occurred more often in areas of higher elevation and slope, with sparser and shorter vegetation, and more rocks; FULVA nests were usually at lower elevations in denser and taller vegetative cover; both forms used relatively dry upland tundra (Connors et al. 1993). In western Alaska (P. FULVA), males returned to the same nesting territories in successive years; most females did not (Johnson et al. 1993). NON-BREEDING: short-grass prairie, pastures, mudflats, sandy beaches, and flooded fields.

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NatureServe

Migration

Non-Migrant: No. All populations of this species make significant seasonal migrations.

Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make local extended movements (generally less than 200 km) at particular times of the year (e.g., to breeding or wintering grounds, to hibernation sites).

Locally Migrant: Yes. At least some populations of this species make annual migrations of over 200 km.

Arrives in Hawaii by August, departs by late April; indirect and direct evidence indicate that birds in Hawaii in winter are from Alaskan breeding areas (Johnson et al. 1989, Johnson et al. 1997).

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NatureServe

Trophic Strategy

Comments: Feeds primarily on insects (grasshoppers, crickets, grubs of beetles, caterpillars, cutworms, wireworms, etc.). Also eats some small mollusks and crustaceans.

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Population Biology

Global Abundance

100,000 - 1,000,000 individuals

Comments: Morrison et al. (2001) give a global estimate of 125,000 individuals. Fall counts from three sites in Alaska total 15,900 (Gill et al. 1999); Morrison et al. (2001) estimate a North American population of 16,000.

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General Ecology

NON-BREEDING: In Hawaii, many establish winter territories to which they return each year; abandon territories at night and roost in flock (Johnson et al. 1981). Territorial birds had higher apparent survival rates than non-territorial wintering birds (Johnson et al. 2001). Winter mortality in Hawaii was caused by accidents (collisions) and probable predation by owls (Johnson et al. 2001).

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NatureServe

Life Expectancy

Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

Observations: Little is known about the longevity of these animals. Record longevity from banding studies is 8.5 years (http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/BBL/homepage/longvrec.htm). Considering the longevity of similar species, however, maximum longevity could be significantly underestimated.

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AnAge

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Joao Pedro de Magalhaes

Reproduction

Breeding begins in late spring. Clutch size usually 4. Incubation probably about 26 days, by both sexes. Young precocial, tended by both adults. Monogamous. First breeds at 1 year, though first-year females may breed less commonly than do first-year males (Johnson et al. 1993). Nesting density and/or nesting success may vary greatly over time and space (Johnson et al. 1993).

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)

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NatureServe

Molecular Biology

Barcode data: Pluvialis fulva

The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.

There are 9 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.

CCTATACCTAATCTTCGGCGCATGAGCCGGTATAGTCGGCACCGCCCTTAGCTTACTCATCCGCGCAGAACTTGGCCAACCAGGTACCCTACTAGGAGATGACCAAATCTACAATGTAATTGTTACTGCCCATGCTTTCGTAATAATCTTCTTCATAGTTATACCAATCATGATTGGAGGCTTCGGAAACTGACTAGTACCCCTCATAATTGGTGCCCCCGACATAGCATTCCCCCGCATAAACAACATAAGCTTCTGACTACTCCCCCCATCATTCCTACTTCTCCTTGCCTCCTCCACAGTAGAAGCCGGAGCAGGCACAGGATGAACCGTATACCCCCCTCTAGCTGGTAACCTAGCTCACGCCGGAGCCTCAGTAGACCTGGCTATTTTTTCCCTCCACCTAGCAGGTGTATCCTCAATCCTAGGTGCAATCAACTTCATCACAACCGCCATCAATATAAAACCTCCTGCCCTATCACAATACCAAACTCCCCTATTTGTATGATCCGTACTCATCACTGCCGTCCTACTGCTCCTTTCACTCCCAGTTCTTGCTGCTGGCATCACCATACTATTAACAGACCGAAACCTAAACACCACATTCTTCGACCCTGCCGGAGGCGGAGACCCAGTCCTATATCAACACCTCTTCTGATTCTTCGGCCACCCAGAAGTCTACATCCTAATCCTT
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Download FASTA File

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)

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Barcode of Life Data Systems

Statistics of barcoding coverage: Pluvialis fulva

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 10
Specimens with Barcodes: 16
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Barcode of Life Data Systems

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

Red List Category

Least Concern

Red List Criteria

Version

3.1

Year Assessed

2009

Assessor/s

BirdLife International

Reviewer/s

Bird, J., Butchart, S.

Contributor/s

Justification

This species has an extremely large range, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion (Extent of Occurrence <20,000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size, habitat extent/quality, or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation). Despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing, the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population trend criterion (>30% decline over ten years or three generations). The population size is very large, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population size criterion (<10,000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be >10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specified population structure). For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern.

History

2008

Least Concern
2004

Least Concern

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IUCN

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International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Status in Egypt

Accidental visitor.

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Bibliotheca Alexandrina

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Bibliotheca Alexandrina

National NatureServe Conservation Status

Canada

Rounded National Status Rank: NNA - Not Applicable

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: N5B,NNRN : N5B: Secure - Breeding, NNRN: Unranked - Nonbreeding

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NatureServe

NatureServe Conservation Status

Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure

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NatureServe

Threats

Major Threats

Source:

IUCN

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