Potamogeton pectinatus

"Red List Category & Criteria: Least Concern ver 3.1 Year Assessed: 2010 Assessor/s: Gupta, A.K. Reviewer/s: Juffe Bignoli, D., Khampheng, H. & Zhuang, X. Justification: This species is found in many countries across the world, from Europe to Africa, Asia and South America and covers an extensive extent of occurrence. No major threats have been recorded and is therefore listed as Least Concern. Conservation Actions: No conservation measures are in place."

This perennial plant is a submerged aquatic about 1-3' long. There is more branching of the stems above than below, creating fan-like aggregations of leaves. The stems are up to 1.0 mm. across, light green to nearly white, terete to slightly compressed (flattened), and hairless; they are slender and flexible. The slender leaves are 1½-5" long, up to 1.0 mm. across, and mostly alternate; they are filiform, medium green to olive-green, hairless, and toothless, tapering to acute tips. The leaves are highly flexible and readily bend. At the leaf bases along the stems, there are sheath-like stipules about ½-1½" long and up to 1.0 mm. across; these stipules are connate (wrapping tightly around the stems) below, but they become free toward their tips. Individual spikes of flowers are produced occasionally from the axils of the leaves and the tips of outer stems on peduncles about 1½-8" long. These floral spikes are ½-1½" long, consisting of 2-6 interrupted clusters of flowers. Each greenish white flower is about 1/8" across, consisting of 4 tepals with abruptly tapered bases, 4 stamens, and a pistil with a short style. The stalk of each floral spike is light green to reddish purple, terete, and hairless. Both the floral spikes and peduncles complete their development underwater. The blooming period can occur from late spring to early fall. The submerged flowers are cross-pollinated via water. Afterwards, fertile flowers are replaced by plump achenes about 3-4 mm. long and 2.5-3.0 mm. across. These achenes are obovoid-globoid in shape and slightly compressed with small beaks at their apices. The root system is fibrous, rhizomatous, and tuberous. Clonal colonies of plants are often produced from the rhizomes.

 A submerged aquatic pondweed characterized by many long narrow leaves. The leaves are 3 -11.5 cm long by only 0.2-4 mm wide, lack a stalk and are bright green to olive green in colour. Leaves are variable in shape and may be linear or thread-like, circular or grooved in cross-section, with 0-5 large and several small air channels bordering the midrib. Leaves taper to a fine point when narrow, or have rounded ends with a short point when broad. Stems are richly branched, slender or robust, circular in cross-section and up to 2.3 m in height. Leaves form a long (1-7cm), open leaf sheath where they meet the stems. Rhizomes are very slender or robust. Flowers born on tall bending stalks 2-9 (up to 28) cm long, in 2-7 groups of 1-2 flowers. Fruits egg-shaped 3-5 mm by 2-4 mm, with a short, curved beak, and pale brown in colour becoming brown with age.Also known as sago pondweed. Potamogeton pectinatus is included in the subgenus Coleogeton (Preston, 1995). It may be confused with Potamogeton filiformis but is more branched, with finer leaves, open leaf sheaths and larger fruits. It may also hybridize with Potamogeton filiformis to form Potamogeton x suecicus, which is often mistaken for Potamogeton pectinatus (Preston, 1995).

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Global Distribution

Indo-Malesia, Europe, Africa and America

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"Range Description: This is a widespread and cosmopolitan species, common in Europe, Mediterranean basin, Africa, and Asia, including USA and Caribbean and south American countries. It has not been recorded however in Indochina. Countries - Native: Albania; Algeria; Angola; Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland); Austria; Bangladesh; Belgium; Bolivia; Botswana; Bulgaria; Burundi; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward I., Québec, Saskatchewan, Yukon); Chile; China (Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan); Congo, The Democratic Republic of the; Croatia; Cuba; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Denmark; Ecuador (Ecuador (mainland)); Egypt; Eritrea; Estonia; Ethiopia; Finland; France (Corse, France (mainland)); Germany; Greece; Guatemala; Haiti; Hungary; India; Indonesia (Lesser Sunda Is., Maluku, Sulawesi, Sumatera); Iran, Islamic Republic of; Iraq; Ireland; Italy (Italy (mainland), Sardegna, Sicilia); Japan; Kazakhstan; Kenya; Korea, Democratic People's Republic of; Korea, Republic of; Kyrgyzstan; Latvia; Lebanon; Libyan Arab Jamahiriya; Lithuania; Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of; Madagascar; Malawi; Mauritania; Mauritius; Mexico; Mongolia; Montenegro; Morocco; Mozambique; Myanmar; Namibia (Caprivi Strip, Namibia (main part)); Nepal; Netherlands; New Zealand; Norway; Oman; Pakistan; Palestinian Territory, Occupied; Panama; Peru; Philippines; Poland; Portugal (Portugal (mainland)); Réunion; Romania; Russian Federation (Altay, Buryatiya, Central European Russia, Chita, East European Russia, North European Russia, Northwest European Russia, South European Russia); Rwanda; Saint Pierre and Miquelon; Saudi Arabia; Serbia; Slovenia; South Africa (Eastern Cape Province, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, Northern Cape Province, Western Cape Province); Spain (Spain (mainland)); Sri Lanka; Sudan; Switzerland; Syrian Arab Republic; Taiwan, Province of China; Tajikistan; Tanzania, United Republic of; Tunisia; Turkey; Turkmenistan; Uganda; Ukraine; United Kingdom; United States (Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Florida, Hawaiian Is., Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico); Uzbekistan; Venezuela; Zambia; Zimbabwe"

Canada

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

United States

Origin: Unknown/Undetermined

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

The native Sago Pondweed is occasional in northern and central Illinois, becoming uncommon or absent in the southern section of the state (see Distribution Map). This aquatic plant is also found in Eurasia. Habitats include quiet inlets of lakes, ponds, reservoirs, drainage canals, and creeks with slow currents. Sometimes, Sago Pondweed becomes the dominant aquatic plant in these habitats, forming extensive colonies.

Swedish Exclusive Economic Zone

Nile region, Oases, Mediterranean region and Sinai.

Subcosmopolitan.

Stuckenia pectinata (L.) Börner:
Afghanistan (Asia)
Australia (Oceania)
Burma (Asia)
Bangladesh (Asia)
India (Asia)
Japan (Asia)
Kyrgyzstan (Asia)
Kazakhstan (Asia)
Mongolia (Asia)
North Korea (Asia)
Nepal (Asia)
Philippines (Asia)
Pakistan (Asia)
Russian Federation (Asia)
South Korea (Asia)
Sri Lanka (Asia)
Tajikistan (Asia)
Turkmenistan (Asia)
Uzbekistan (Asia)
Argentina (South America)
Chile (South America)
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
Caribbean (Caribbean)
Guatemala (Mesoamerica)
Ecuador (South America)
El Salvador (Mesoamerica)
Bolivia (South America)
China (Asia)
Indonesia (Asia)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

Potamogeton nanus Y.D. Chen:
China (Asia)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

Potamogeton pectinatus var. interruptus (Kit.) Asch.:
Japan (Asia)
China (Asia)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

Potamogeton pectinatus var. diffusus Hagstr.:
China (Asia)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

Potamogeton leptanthus Y.D. Chen:
China (Asia)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

Potamogeton australis Phil.:
Chile (South America)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

Potamogeton dissimilis A. Benn.:
Argentina (South America)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

Potamogeton pectinatus var. striatus (Ruiz & Pav.) Hagstr.:
Argentina (South America)
Bolivia (South America)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

Potamogeton interruptus Kit.:
United States (North America)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

Potamogeton filiformis var. latifolius (J.W. Robbins) Reveal:
United States (North America)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

Potamogeton striatus Ruiz & Pav.:
Ecuador (South America)
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
Peru (South America)
Venezuela (South America)
Chile (South America)
United States (North America)
Brazil (South America)
Argentina (South America)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

Potamogeton pectinatus L.:
Canada (North America)
Chile (South America)
Ecuador (South America)
El Salvador (Mesoamerica)
French Guiana (South America)
Guatemala (Mesoamerica)
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
Madagascar (Africa & Madagascar)
Nicaragua (Mesoamerica)
Panama (Mesoamerica)
Peru (South America)
Suriname (South America)
United States (North America)
Bolivia (South America)
Belize (Mesoamerica)
Australia (Oceania)
Argentina (South America)
Caribbean (Caribbean)
Austria (Europe)
China (Asia)
Venezuela (South America)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

St. Pierre and Miquelon; Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), N.W.T., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Yukon; Ala., Alaska, Ariz., Ark., Calif., Colo., Conn., Fla., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Mo., Mont., Nebr., Nev., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Utah, Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Wyo.; Mexico; Central America; South America; Eurasia; Australia.

This is a widespread and cosmopolitan species, common in Europe, Mediterranean basin, Africa, and Asia, including USA and Caribbean and south American countries. It has not been recorded however in Indochina.

Distribution: A cosmopolitan species, common throughout the hills and plains of Pakistan.

Temperate and tropical regions of Europe, Africa, Asia, America and Australia.

Stems branched, especially distally, terete to slightly compressed, to 75 cm. Leaves: those of main stem only slightly larger than those of branches; stipules with stipular sheaths not inflated, 0.8--1.1 cm, ligule 0.8 mm; blade linear, 5.6--9.2 cm ´ 0.2--1 mm, apex acute to mucronate or apiculate; veins 1--3. Inflorescences: peduncles terminal or axillary, erect to ascending, cylindric, 4.5--11.4 cm; spikes moniliform to cylindric, 14--22 mm; verticels 3--5. Fruits yellow-brown to brown, oblanceoloid, 3.8--4 ´ 2.5--3.1 mm; beak toward abaxial margin, erect, 0.5--1.1 mm. 2n = 78.

Aquatic perennial, profusely branched, filiform, rhizomatous with tuberous winter-buds. Leaves submerged, acute to mucronate, narrowly linear, 1-2.5 mm wide; stipular sheath adnate to the leaf base, 2-8 cm long, tip short, acute, or mucronate margin white, open to the base. Spikes 1.5-2 cm long, cylindric 13-17 cm long and ± interrupted in fruit. Fruitlets 3-5 mm long, 2.5-3 mm broad, obliquely obovoid, smooth.

3000 m

"Aquatic perennial, profusely branched, filiform, rhizomatous with tuberous winter-buds. Leaves submerged, acute to mucronate, narrowly linear, 1-2.5 mm wide; stipular sheath adnate to the leaf base, 2-8 cm long, tip short, acute, or mucronate margin white, open to the base. Spikes 1.5-2 cm long, cylindric 13-17 cm long and ± interrupted in fruit. Fruitlets 3-5 mm long, 2.5-3 mm broad, obliquely obovoid, smooth."

Potamogeton pectinatus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 127. 1753 (as pectinatum)

"Habitat and Ecology: This species is typical of eutrophic or brackish waters, where it may form dense stands in lakes, reservoirs, rivers, streams, canals, ditches, ponds and flooded mineral workings. It is tolerant of disturbance in canals and navigable rivers. Systems: Freshwater List of Habitats: 5, 5.1, 5.4, 5.5, 5.7, 15, 15.2, 15.7, 15.9"

The native Sago Pondweed is occasional in northern and central Illinois, becoming uncommon or absent in the southern section of the state (see Distribution Map). This aquatic plant is also found in Eurasia. Habitats include quiet inlets of lakes, ponds, reservoirs, drainage canals, and creeks with slow currents. Sometimes, Sago Pondweed becomes the dominant aquatic plant in these habitats, forming extensive colonies.

Brackish to alkaline waters of lakes, streams, rivers, and estuaries; 0--2400m.

Habitat and Ecology

Systems

• Freshwater

Depth range based on 4 specimens in 1 taxon.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 2 - 2
 
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.

 Grows on sediments in still or flowing eutrophic fresh water in lakes, rivers, streams, canals, ditches, ponds, flooded sand and gravel pits, and in brackish water ditches and lagoons. The only Potamogeton species to occur in brackish water.

Submerged aquatic pondweeds are an important source of food for both waterfowl (swans, geese, & ducks) and omnivorous turtles. These animals eat the foliage and/or seeds. Sago Pondweed is one of the more valuable pondweeds for waterfowl, in particular, because its root system produces edible tubers. Examples of waterfowl that feed on this aquatic plant include the Trumpeter Swan, Canvasback, Redhead, Wood Duck, and Ruddy Duck; see the Wetland Bird Table for a more complete listing of these species. Turtles that feed on pondweeds include the Snapping Turtle, Blanding's Turtle, Musk Turtle (or Stinkpot), Painted Turtle, Slider, Ouachita Map Turtle, and False Map Turtle. Muskrats also feed on the tubers and foliage. Sago Pondweed provides good cover for fish and other kinds of aquatic wildlife.

Plant / resting place / among
subaquatic cocoon of Macroplea appendiculata may be found among Potamogeton pectinatus

Foodplant / feeds on
larva of Macroplea mutica feeds on root of Potamogeton pectinatus
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Flowering summer--fall.

Fl. Per.: February-May.

The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.

The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 4
Specimens with Barcodes: 4
Species With Barcodes: 1

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 5
Specimens with Barcodes: 6
Species With Barcodes: 1

"Red List Category & Criteria: Least Concern ver 3.1 Year Assessed: 2010 Assessor/s: Gupta, A.K. Reviewer/s: Juffe Bignoli, D., Khampheng, H. & Zhuang, X. Justification: This species is found in many countries across the world, from Europe to Africa, Asia and South America and covers an extensive extent of occurrence. No major threats have been recorded and is therefore listed as Least Concern. Conservation Actions: No conservation measures are in place."

Canada

Rounded National Status Rank: N5 - Secure

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked

Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure

Year Assessed

Assessor/s

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Contributor/s

Justification

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Population Trend

Major Threats

Conservation Actions

The preference is full sun, shallow water up to 4' deep, and a mucky bottom. Clear water that is somewhat alkaline and calcareous is preferred, but this plant adapts to a variety of conditions, including brackish water.