Puffinus carneipes

S Indian and sw Pacific Oceans; winters to Arabian Sea, nw Pacific.

Comores, Indo-West Pacific, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone, Somalia, South Africa (country)

This species breeds on St Paul Island (French Southern Territories), Lord Howe Island (Australia), south-west mainland Australia, south Australia (at a single isolated colony), and North Island (New Zealand). In the non-breeding season it ranges north through the western Pacific Ocean to the Aleutian Islands (USA) with small numbers off North America, north through the Indian Ocean and west to the southern tip of Africa (del Hoyo et al. 1992).

occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations

Canada

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Transient

United States

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Non-breeding

Global Range: (20,000-200,000 square km (about 8000-80,000 square miles)) Breeding occurs on islands off the south coast of western Australia, on Lord Howe Island, on islands off New Zealand (east coast of North Island), and on St. Paul Island in Indian Ocean (AOU 1998). Oceanic range includes most of the Pacific (north to the southern bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska) and the Indian Ocean (AOU 1998). This species is rare but regular off the U.S. west coast.

Coded range extent refers to breeding distribution.

Length: 50 cm

Weight: 560 grams

Habitat and Ecology

Systems

• Terrestrial
• Marine

Depth range based on 104 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 77 samples.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 0 - 0
  Temperature range (°C): 6.146 - 28.632
  Nitrate (umol/L): 0.122 - 18.755
  Salinity (PPS): 32.479 - 35.436
  Oxygen (ml/l): 4.627 - 7.026
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.273 - 1.422
  Silicate (umol/l): 1.436 - 11.404

Graphical representation

Temperature range (°C): 6.146 - 28.632

Nitrate (umol/L): 0.122 - 18.755

Salinity (PPS): 32.479 - 35.436

Oxygen (ml/l): 4.627 - 7.026

Phosphate (umol/l): 0.273 - 1.422

Silicate (umol/l): 1.436 - 11.404
 
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.

Comments: Nests are in burrows on islands. Otherwise the species is pelagic.

Non-Migrant: No. All populations of this species make significant seasonal migrations.

Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make local extended movements (generally less than 200 km) at particular times of the year (e.g., to breeding or wintering grounds, to hibernation sites).

Locally Migrant: Yes. At least some populations of this species make annual migrations of over 200 km.

Observed off U.S. Pacific coast mostly late spring-fall. Rare but regular passage migrant near Hawaii in October and April (Pratt et al. 1987).

Mean maximum distance reached from the Lord Howe Island breeding colony during a foraging event was 804 km (SD = 280) (Thalmann et al. 2009).

Comments: Eats squids and fishes.

Note: For many non-migratory species, occurrences are roughly equivalent to populations.

Estimated Number of Occurrences: 21 - 80

Comments: This species is represented by at least a few dozen nesting coloinies.

100,000 - 1,000,000 individuals

Comments: Global population has been estimated at 650,000 individuals (Brooke 2004).

Egg laying occurs in first week of December; clutch size is 1; young first fly about 89-95 days after hatching (Terres 1980).

The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.

There are 5 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank.  Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species.  See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.

Download FASTA File

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 5
Specimens with Barcodes: 21
Species With Barcodes: 1

Year Assessed

Assessor/s

Reviewer/s

Contributor/s

Justification

History

• 2008
  Least Concern
• 2004
  Least Concern

Canada

Rounded National Status Rank: NNA - Not Applicable

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: NNRN - Unranked

Rounded Global Status Rank: G4 - Apparently Secure

Reasons: Fairly wide nesting distribution in many colonies in the southern Pacific Ocean; large population size; apparently secure but better information is needed on trends and impact of fisheries.

Population

Global Short Term Trend: Relatively stable to decline of 30%

Comments: Trend is uncertain, but no information exists suggesting that the population is declining by more than 30% over 10 years or three generations.

Global Long Term Trend: Unknown

Degree of Threat: Low

Comments: In some areas, foraging distribution of nesting birds overlaps substantially with commercial longline fisheries (e.g., east of Australia; Thalmann et al. 2009), and bycatch mortality may be substantial.

Major Threats

Biological Research Needs: Better information is needed on trends and impact of commercial fisheries.

Needs: Setting longlines at night may reduce flesh-footed shearwater bycatch in commerical fisheries (Thalmann et al. 2009)..