Salmonids and estuary use

Salmon rely on estuarine habitats that provide essential food sources, refuge from predators, and a physiological transition zone where young salmon adapt from freshwater to saltwater. These productive mixing zones also serve as vital stopover points for adult salmon as their bodies adjust to freshwater when they return to spawn. Differences in estuary use among species are important for salmon ecology and conservation because humans have modified estuaries so extensively, and because of fishing pressures in nearshore, estuary, and lower river habitats. This variation makes some species more susceptible than others to natural and human-caused variation in habitat availability and quality.

 

See also

Estuaries

Salmonids

 

Related

Major river deltas of Puget Sound Published August 14, 2025

Salmonids in Puget Sound Published December 10, 2012

 

 

Overview

Two comprehensive reports describe adult and juvenile salmonid use of estuaries in Puget Sound.

The Snohomish estuary. (AdobeStock)

Related Articles

The following article describes how both adult and juvenile bull trout use estuaries in Puget Sound and includes text from two previously published overviews on the subject by University of Washington biologist Thomas P. Quinn.

The following article describes how both adult and juvenile Chinook salmon use estuaries in Puget Sound and includes text from two previously published overviews on the subject by University of Washington biologist Thomas P. Quinn.

The following article describes how both adult and juvenile steelhead trout use estuaries in Puget Sound and includes text from two previously published overviews on the subject by University of Washington biologist Thomas P. Quinn.

The extensive loss or modification of estuaries throughout Puget Sound creates a significant challenge for adult salmon as they migrate to their natal streams to spawn. A 2024 report by University of Washington scientist Thomas Quinn looks at how different species of salmonids use estuaries to move from marine to freshwater environments. The report was commissioned by the University of Washington Puget Sound Institute with funding from the Environmental Protection Agency's National Estuary Program.

This overview describes the different ways that juvenile Pacific salmon and trout use estuaries, and why those differences are important for ecosystem recovery efforts. The report was commissioned by the University of Washington Puget Sound Institute with funding from the Environmental Protection Agency's National Estuary Program.

The Stillaguamish River is home to what may be the most imperiled stock of Chinook salmon in all of Puget Sound. What scientists are learning here at the Stillaguamish estuary on Port Susan Bay could help turn the tide for these fish and other salmon around the region. E