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  1. Home
  2. Puget Sound Science Review Chapters
  3. Ecosystem-Based Management: Understanding Future and Desired System States
About the Science Review
  • Puget Sound Science Review
  • Science Review Topics
  • Contributors and Partners
  • Editorial Structure
Puget Science Review Main Menu
  • Puget Sound Science Review Chapters
    • Ecosystem-Based Management: Understanding Future and Desired System States
      • Section 1. Introduction
      • Section 2. The Future of Puget Sound: Where are We Going?
      • Section 3. An Approach to Selecting Ecosystem Indicators for Puget Sound
      • Section 4. Evaluation of Potential Indicators for Puget Sound
      • Section 5. Results of the Indicator Evaluations
      • Section 6. Defining Ecosystem Reference Levels: A Case in Puget Sound
        • 1. Ecosystem reference levels: how do we know when EBM has succeeded?
        • 2. Reference points and reference directions
        • 3. Target, benchmark, limit, and precautionary reference levels
        • 4. Baseline reference levels
        • 5. Reference levels based on nonlinearities
        • 6. Normative reference levels
        • 7. Focus for the future: targets and success in Puget Sound
        • 8. Existing Targets for Puget Sound
        • 9. Tables - Defining ecosystem reference levels
        • 10. References
      • Section 7. Glossary
    • Ecosystem-Based Management: Incorporating Human Well-being
      • Section 1. Introduction
      • Section 2. Human Well-being and Ecosystem-based Management
      • Section 3. The Nature of Human Well-being
      • Section 4. The Determinants of Human Well-being
      • Section 5. Linking Biophysical and HWB Indicators
    • Ecosystem-Based Management: Ecosystem Protection and Restoration Strategies
      • Introduction
      • Overarching, Large-Scale Protection and Restoration Strategies
      • Protection and Restoration Strategies for Watersheds and Tributaries
      • Marine and Estuarine Protection and Restoration Strategies
      • Fisheries and Wildlife Protection and Restoration Strategies
      • Evaluation of Protection and Restoration Effectiveness
      • Appendices
    • The Biophysical Condition of Puget Sound: Biology
      • Section 1. Introduction
      • Section 2. Species and Food Webs
      • Section 3. Habitats
    • The Biophysical Condition of Puget Sound: Chemistry
      • Section 1. Introduction
      • Section 2. Toxic Contaminants
      • Section 3. Harmful Algal Blooms
      • Section 4. Dissolved Oxygen (Hypoxia)
      • Section 5. Eutrophication of Marine Waters
      • Section 6. Marine Fecal Bacteria
    • The Biophysical Condition of Puget Sound: Physical Environment
      • Section 1. Introduction
      • Section 2. Flow Timing
      • Section 3. Average Annual Flow
      • Section 4. Average Daily Flow
      • Section 5. Seven-Day Low Flow
    • Threats: Impacts of Natural Events and Human Activities on the Ecosystem
      • A: Introduction
      • Driver: Climate Change in the Salish Sea Ecosystem
      • Driver: Human Activities in Proximity to Shoreline
      • Driver: Intentional and Unintentional Introduction of Invasive and Non-native Species
      • Driver: Pollution in the Puget Sound Basin
      • Driver: Residential, Commercial and Industrial Development
      • Ecosystem Models
      • In conclusion

Breadcrumb

  1. Home
  2. Puget Sound Science Review Chapters
  3. Ecosystem-Based Management: Understanding Future and Desired System States

Section 6. Defining Ecosystem Reference Levels: A Case in Puget Sound

  • 1. Ecosystem reference levels: how do we know when EBM has succeeded?
  • 2. Reference points and reference directions
  • 3. Target, benchmark, limit, and precautionary reference levels
  • 4. Baseline reference levels
  • 5. Reference levels based on nonlinearities
  • 6. Normative reference levels
  • 7. Focus for the future: targets and success in Puget Sound
  • 8. Existing Targets for Puget Sound
  • 9. Tables - Defining ecosystem reference levels
  • 10. References
  • ‹ 10. Indicator Evaluation Spreadsheets
  • Up a Level
  • 1. Ecosystem reference levels: how do we know when EBM has succeeded? ›
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